The story of threo-2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol often starts at the lab bench. This organic compound, structured with the molecular formula C9H13NO2, gathers interest for its intriguing backbone – a phenyl ring stuck onto a three-carbon chain, with amine and two hydroxyl groups completing its architecture. Most chemists refer to its molecular structure as a solid example of chiral chemistry at work; the threo form comes from the specific arrangement of the amino and hydroxyl groups, spaced apart to give two distinct chiral centers. Think of this arrangement as biology’s lock-and-key, shaping how this molecule interacts with other substances, especially in pharmaceutical and synthetic applications.
In its physical state, threo-2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol doesn’t flaunt flashy colors or unique textures from a distance. The pure compound appears as a white to off-white crystalline solid. Some might notice it as flakes in coarser preparations, or as fine powder if milled post-synthesis. There’s a gritty “pearl” form produced through specific crystallization methods, offering uniform size for more predictable handling. Liquid forms rarely hold up outside a solvent, since its melting point sits well above room temperature, leaving the material as a solid in most laboratory and storage conditions. Its density gravitates close to 1.2 g/cm³, so it feels substantial—not as airy as some organic powders, but far from dense metal salts.
The backbone of threo-2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol is built to be reactive. The combination of the amine group and two hydrophilic hydroxyl groups transforms this molecule into a useful building block. Its solubility in water stands out; it dissolves to form clear solutions up to moderate concentrations. In ethanol and other polar organic solvents, it blends quickly, a feature prized for fast reaction rates and smooth process chemistry. Hydroxyl groups give way to typical behaviors—engagement in hydrogen bonding, susceptibility to oxidation, and participation in various coupling reactions. In the presence of strong acids or bases, the amine can protonate or deprotonate, which can alter both reactivity and physical state.
Raw materials for this compound come from both petrochemical and biological feedstocks, depending on the manufacturing approach. In pharmaceutical factories, the purity of the crystalline solid determines how the product moves down the production line, while density and particle size influence mixing efficiency and dosing precision. Laboratories often value the pearl or fine powder forms for easy weighing and dissolution. This attention to physical specifics isn’t just about convenience. Inconsistent crystal size or density can impact extraction, purification, and even the performance of finished products. Real-world experience confirms that a free-flowing, dry, solid powder is easier to scoop and transfer than sticky crystals or clumped flakes—anyone who's ever spilled or measured powdered chemicals can vouch for that.
Customs offices and global trade authorities track threo-2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol under HS Code 29224995, covering a range of organic compounds with similar nitrogen and oxygen functionality. This tracking ensures conformity with both supply chain demands and regulatory requirements. Safety data is clear about precautions: use gloves, lab coats, and eye protection. The compound classifies as mildly hazardous if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin, with risks commonly limited to irritation and sensitization. Good ventilation matters, alongside careful storage away from strong acids, bases, or oxidizers. In manufacturing, strict batch testing checks for contaminants—especially unwanted chiral isomers or byproducts, which could skew purity specifications. This focus on person-to-person safety and environmental responsibility rings true in the laboratory, too.
Threo-2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol has carved out a niche as an intermediate in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients and select specialty chemicals. Its molecular structure offers both versatility and challenge; pharmaceutical chemists have learned to tweak the arrangement, swapping the phenyl or amine groups to build new analogues. In raw materials procurement, sourcing reliable batches consistently impacts the bottom line, as fluctuations in physical properties or purity disrupt final product quality. Experienced chemists often work closely with suppliers, testing density, melting point, and crystal form as measures of batch conformity. In downstream processing, the solid material can be slurried, dissolved, or re-crystallized, depending on the demands of the workflow. Modern industry also watches for bio-accumulation and environmental fate, recognizing the responsibility that comes with handling and discharging specialty chemicals.
The pathway to safe, consistent use starts in routine practice—solid material stored in airtight, labeled containers; spills cleaned up with neutral absorbents and not washed down drains; MSDS sheets on hand and consulted regularly. The upstream effort in procurement, focusing on reliable supply chains, translates to less guesswork and fewer surprises during manufacturing or lab synthesis. Training and transparency also matter; experience suggests that clear protocols for weighing, transferring, and dissolving the solid help prevent accidents and waste. Modern factories adopt automated feeding and blending systems, reducing direct worker contact with powders and thus lowering occupational hazard. Newer environmental safeguards, such as on-site neutralization or solvent recycling, help close the loop—from the first weigh-in to final discharge or disposal.
Threo-2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol deserves attention for its structural clarity and consistent behavior. With a molar mass of 167.21 g/mol, density near 1.2 g/cm³, and a melting point usually around 90-95°C, it stands out for predictable handling. Solvency in water and alcohols expands application, while sensitivity to strong acids and oxidizers calls for care in storage. Each specification—crystal form, particle size, and impurity level—shapes downstream use, echoing through every stage from synthesis to final application. Raw materials quality comes from careful control of both the chemical process and physical finishing, which directly affects the end product. Chemists, safety officers, and procurement professionals alike rely on clear, consistent information to ensure this compound plays its part safely and efficiently in every batch.
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