Sodium hydrogen tartrate monohydrate stands out as a white, crystalline compound widely used in both laboratory and industrial applications. It possesses a clear solid form, although in practice, you might find it as a powder, small flakes, or sometimes even as crystalline pearls depending on the preparation method and drying process. Moisture content gives this compound its "monohydrate" status, which means each molecule carries one water molecule. Structurally, the molecular formula is C4H5NaO6·H2O, and it weighs in with a molecular weight of about 212.09 g/mol.
This compound has a density close to 1.79 g/cm3, which feels substantial in a scoop, typical of tartaric acid derivatives. Its appearance ranges from bright, snow-white powder to a glistening crystal, which dissolves cleanly in water and forms a clear solution. Its melting point sits at around 100°C, a reflection of the crystal water held in its structure. Sodium hydrogen tartrate monohydrate also presents as an acidic salt, resulting from the partial neutralization of tartaric acid by sodium. This mildly acidic profile can be noticed by a sharp tang if a small pinch finds its way into culinary experiments, though outside the kitchen, its acid content sees use as a buffer in chemical preparations and as a leavening acid in baking powders.
This salt’s structure hinges on the sodium cation paired with the hydrogen tartrate anion and a water molecule. The arrangement forms a stable crystal lattice that resists decomposition under most storage conditions if kept dry. Hydration plays a critical role in keeping the substance stable because loss of water shifts physical properties and the compound’s reactivity. From experience in the lab, improper storage near heat sources or open air can dry out the crystals, which affects both weighing accuracy and solubility in solution-making.
Sodium hydrogen tartrate monohydrate is sold as a technical-grade raw material. Whether you need powder, flakes, or crystal, what matters is purity and particle size. Industries buying this compound check for minimum purity, typically above 99% for most laboratory or food uses. Moisture content falls under set limits (often no more than 10%), and precise density measurements are standard in specification sheets. The HS Code for sodium hydrogen tartrate monohydrate generally appears as 2918.19, grouped with other esters of tartaric acid. The technical sheet often details appearance, molecular formula, solubility in water, pH of a defined solution, and bulk density or tap density for shipping and process engineering.
While sodium hydrogen tartrate monohydrate is considered low-risk compared to stronger acids or alkalis, it calls for normal care in handling chemicals. Direct contact with eyes or mucous membranes may cause irritation, and inhaling dust can provoke coughing. On an industrial scale, dust suppression, protective eyewear, gloves, and thorough labeling keep risks low. The compound classifies mainly as non-toxic, but large-scale spillage near aquatic environments may lower pH and affect organisms sensitive to acidity. Waste material and container disposal should follow local chemical disposal regulations to avoid any harmful effects downstream.
Sodium hydrogen tartrate monohydrate plays roles across sectors. In winemaking, this chemical shows up as a natural byproduct and helps adjust wine’s acidity. Bakers know it by the name “cream of tartar,” crucial for stabilizing meringues or as a leavening component. Chemists turn to it as a buffer or a reactant in preparing other tartaric acid derivatives. The fact that it appears in both food-grade and technical-grade forms means it bridges the world of science and daily living. Purity and safety standards keep pace with these uses to ensure no harmful residues, especially in materials bound for the kitchen or pharmaceutical applications.
Manufacturers prepare sodium hydrogen tartrate monohydrate by adding sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, or another sodium base to a solution of tartaric acid, followed by precise crystallization and drying steps. The choice of raw materials and the accuracy in process control determine both the yield and the purity. There’s no room for heavy metal contamination or large particle deviation, especially in food and medical applications. This level of process control comes from experience, strict quality standards, and constant testing.
Transparency, clear labeling, and accessible safety data matter to buyers and end users alike. Workshops, industries, and schools benefit from widely available material safety data sheets. Methods such as switching to airtight containers, keeping storage away from moisture, and providing clear undiluted samples for reference bolster trust and minimize risks around mishandling. It’s not just about ticking the regulatory boxes but about ensuring materials fit safely into daily lab work or food prep, while reducing errors and protecting people and the environment from avoidable harm.
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