(R)-Chloro-1,2-propanediol shows up in chemical supply catalogs as a specialized organic compound, central to research and manufacturing in pharmaceuticals and specialty materials. This molecule goes by other names too, including (R)-3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol and (R)-α-Chlorohydrin. The structure forms a three-carbon backbone with a chlorine at the first carbon and hydroxyl groups attached at the remaining two positions. Its chemical formula, C3H7ClO2, puts it clearly in the class of chlorinated diols. Most importantly, this version—the (R)-enantiomer—carries a specific handedness which matters when reactions or biological processes call for only one mirror image out of two possible forms.
In every chemist’s day-to-day work, knowing the exact molecular characteristics guides safe storage and application. (R)-Chloro-1,2-propanediol holds a molar mass of about 110.54 g/mol. Its somewhat sticky consistency reveals that you’re not dealing with a light solvent or a volatile monomer. Density sits around 1.32 g/cm3 at room temperature. The molecule builds up from a propanediol core, holding hydroxyl groups that give it a polarity, plus a chlorine atom that brings in reactivity and a certain level of health risk. The three-carbon skeleton, with the chiral center, defines which enantiomer you’re getting—in this case, the “R” version, distinguished by the specific arrangement around the central carbon. The compound crystallizes under certain conditions, although you’ll often see it supplied as a viscous liquid, powder, or sometimes as small solid flakes, depending on purity and temperature.
Most suppliers offer (R)-Chloro-1,2-propanediol as a clear to slightly yellowish liquid, although solid powder and crystalline forms exist when cooled or if isolated at high purity. Purity grades vary, with specialized applications demanding research-grade material above 98%. The melting point typically falls near 40°C, while the boiling point sits around 213°C. The substance dissolves readily in water, creating a solution that can be used for laboratory syntheses or as an intermediate. Solid versions—flakes, powder, or even small pearls—are easier to weigh and store, but liquid forms prove more common for process scale usage. Specific gravity and solubility numbers land in the range chemical handlers expect for this class of molecules, allowing straightforward mixing or dilution.
Based on international trade rules, you’ll find (R)-Chloro-1,2-propanediol categorized under the HS Code 29053990. This places it within the class of other halogenated, oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds. For import and export, traders and quality control teams need this number for invoices, regulatory filings, and customs documents. The HS code helps authorities manage tracking and safety, especially for materials that raise health or environmental concerns.
Any raw material featuring chlorine deserves a close reading of its safety profile, and (R)-Chloro-1,2-propanediol is no exception. The molecule’s reactive haloalkyl group means it enters metabolic pathways not always friendly to human tissue. Research links 3-chloropropanediol-type compounds to toxic effects on organs and potential carcinogenic profiles in some studies. Skin exposure can cause irritation, and inhalation or ingestion brings additional risks—organ impacts, mutagenic potential, and long-term health effects, particularly with repeated or high-level contact. Industrial use demands gloves, goggles, and lab coats, plus ventilation and air monitoring in larger setups. Standard practice involves storing the substance in tightly closed containers, away from acids or bases, and segregated from other reactive chemicals. Material safety data sheets always accompany shipments, flagging the need for careful waste collection, emergency spill protocols, and first aid for accidental exposure. In my own lab work, handling similar chlorinated diols always inspired respect for the risks and a close eye on every step of the procedure. Users should never underestimate the danger, even if the substance appears benign as a clear liquid or white powder.
This compound’s real value emerges in the world of chemical syntheses—particularly as a chiral building block for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, or advanced polymer additives. The molecule acts as a key intermediate in producing beta-blockers, antibiotics, and other specialty drugs where stereochemistry (handedness) determines efficacy and safety. The possibility of hazardous by-products or transformations means that, from the earliest stages of a process, companies and researchers plan for containment, scrubbing systems, and rigorous environmental controls. In certain industrial workflows, (R)-Chloro-1,2-propanediol also plays a role in the production of surfactants and resins, especially when targeting specialty formulations or products with precise performance characteristics. Demand comes from research institutions as well—those investigating chiral catalysis or those developing new chemical transformations rooted in halohydrin chemistry. In every situation, the raw material’s properties—density, solubility, crystal form, molecular weight—drive choices around reactors, transport vessels, and dosing systems.
The challenge with (R)-Chloro-1,2-propanediol comes down to balancing utility and safety. Manufacturers benefit from advances in process engineering—closed system transfers, real-time chemical monitoring, predictive analytics for waste management. Safer analogues or greener synthetic strategies show promise when the application allows. Training stands out as the decisive factor for reducing health hazards: no amount of paperwork replaces hands-on drills and direct accountability. Users can insist on smaller, pre-weighed sealed packaging for higher hazard grades, reducing the chance for spills and overexposure. Good ventilation, organized chemical inventories, and regular risk assessments cut down on surprise incidents. For those building a safer workplace, leaning on lessons learned from real-world chemical operations beats rote adherence to protocols every time. Newer generations of personal protective equipment offer both better protection and comfort for users, ensuring fewer shortcuts taken in fast-paced lab or plant environments.
Chemical Name: (R)-Chloro-1,2-propanediol
Chemical Formula: C3H7ClO2
Molecular Weight: 110.54 g/mol
Physical State: Liquid, powder, flakes, pearls, crystal
Color: Clear to yellowish
Density: 1.32 g/cm3 (at 20°C)
Melting Point: ~40°C
Boiling Point: ~213°C
HS Code: 29053990
Solubility: Miscible with water
Handling: Hazardous; requires full PPE, ventilation, and strict storage
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