Iron digluconate, a coordination compound with the molecular formula C12H22FeO14, delivers iron in a form that supports solubility and bioavailability far beyond many typical iron salts. The compound appears in a range of physical states, such as yellowish-brown powder, glossy crystalline flakes, or sometimes as a fine pearl or liquid solution, adapting itself well to different processing and usage needs. Each of these states brings benefits for handling, whether pouring bulk powder into mixers, dissolving precise weights for lab work, or casting a keen eye over the steadily forming crystals in a controlled storage room. Iron digluconate stands apart by combining easy handling with chemical stability.
The density of iron digluconate hovers around 1.8 g/cm³, reflecting its compact molecular packing. In the solid state, each particle often exhibits a crystalline habit, sometimes manifesting as thin flakes or a fine granular powder, both forms being easy to dose out or blend into formulas in the food, pharma, or chemical industry. The yellow-brown hue hints at its iron content and oxidation state, which ties directly into how Fe2+ binds within the gluconate structure. Water solubility reaches high marks, letting the user achieve rapid dissolution in both room temperature and slightly heated solutions. Once the solution forms, it holds clarity, making the compound popular for both liquid supplements and beverage fortification. In its raw material form, iron digluconate deals well with moderate humidity and doesn’t clump as easily as some other iron salts; this trait helps maintain dosing accuracy and reliability on production lines.
Inside every molecule, two gluconate ions anchor to a central ferrous ion, forming a chemical structure that stabilizes the metal while also protecting it from rapid oxidation. One thing that often catches attention is the unique combination of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups along the glucose-derived backbone, which increases solubility and ensures that iron stays available in solution. The empirical formula C12H22FeO14 reflects the symmetry and complexity of this compound. Its melting point sits far above room temperature, so it keeps solid integrity unless processed under strong heat or dissolved on purpose. The compound enters reactivity only in strongly acidic or oxidative environments, supporting a wide shelf life if stored in sealed containers.
Suppliers typically provide iron digluconate as either a high-purity powder, crystalline flakes, or sometimes a stable, concentrated liquid form. Bulk density falls between 0.5 and 0.8 kg/L for powder, depending on granule size and compaction. Particle sizes usually stay within 100–400 microns or smaller, which helps maximize dissolution speed. Commercial lots often specify iron content, with many offering guaranteed Fe percentages (often 11.6–12.0% elemental iron by weight). The material finds regular use as a nutritional iron supplement, color retainer in foods like olives and pickles, and a reagent for certain laboratory analyses. Its high compatibility with aqueous systems means drinks and syrups can incorporate it without gritty residue. Pharmacies value the compound both for ease of measuring out doses and increased gastrointestinal tolerability compared to rougher iron salts.
The Harmonized System (HS) code for iron digluconate usually falls under 29181600, the designation for gluconates and their salts and esters. Import and export paperwork relies on this code, and all documentation must confirm both the chemical and material identity for clearance. Sourcing usually starts from glucose—via bio-fermentation—connected to iron compounds under purified conditions. Each shipment should carry a certificate of analysis, covering critical batch-to-batch values such as iron content, moisture, and impurity levels. Material Safety Data Sheets detail procedures for safe transport and storage.
Handling iron digluconate often involves transferring bulk flakes into tanks, where they dissolve quickly in water, forming a stable solution even at moderate concentrations (hundreds of grams per liter in pharmaceutical facilities). Its specific gravity, when in solution, hovers near 1.1 to 1.2 depending on loading. Solution viscosity stays low, so the liquid runs smoothly along pipes and valves, improving dosing reliability in continuous processes. For applications requiring high accuracy, pre-dissolved stock solutions can be measured in liters with standard lab or factory equipment. In many industries, safety and reliability take priority, which means dedicated spill kits stand ready during transfer and mixing operations.
Exposure to iron digluconate dust may irritate mucous membranes and respiratory passages, so personnel wear protective gloves, dust masks, and goggles. The compound carries a moderate hazard classification—not acutely toxic, but capable of causing problems in large, unregulated doses. Ingestion of high concentrations can produce gastrointestinal upset, a fact well-known among healthcare professionals managing iron supplementation. Storage in dry, sealed containers preserves stability and purity. Unlike heavier, less soluble iron salts, iron digluconate breaks down in wastewater treatment processes and does not persist in the environment at hazardous levels. Disposal procedures aim for chemical incineration or dilution into municipal systems, following regional environmental guidelines.
Iron deficiency affects billions worldwide, bringing fatigue, developmental delays, and reduced work capacity. Reliable, well-tolerated iron sources remain a daily need for food manufacturers, pharmaceutical developers, and clinicians alike. Iron digluconate supports fortification without dramatic flavor or color changes, expanding options for bread, cereals, drinks, and oral supplements. Compared to ferrous sulfate or fumarate, the gluconate form sits easier on the stomach, lowering the chances for nausea or constipation. Scientific studies across recent decades show improved absorption and fewer adverse effects in both pediatric and adult populations. The transparency from clear Certificates of Analysis, material traceability, and robust regulatory frameworks provides confidence up and down the supply chain. Investing in scalable, well-audited iron digluconate production facilities also supports public health targets as population needs grow and dietary patterns shift.
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