DL-Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride stands as a synthetic compound widely known by its chemical formula C9H13NO·HCl. Its systematic structure draws on phenyl and propanolamine groups, holding a place among sympathomimetic drugs with applications that once spanned popular over-the-counter cold remedies. Its matter exists in the solid state at standard temperature, with white or almost white crystalline features, presenting an unmistakable appearance to those familiar with laboratory chemicals. Its solid form shows as either powder or flakes, sometimes pressed into pearls for easier handling during production. This compound dissolves well in water, yielding a clear solution popular in pharmaceutical processing, though its hydrophilic property also carries significance in other chemical preparations.
The synthesis of this chemical draws on benzyl cyanide and acetone as principal starting materials, routed through a reductive amination step that yields the racemic product. A close examination of the molecular make-up, with a central phenyl ring tethered to a two-carbon chain appended by an amino group, reveals why it fits into the broader family of phenethylamines. The hydrochloride salt, added through reaction with hydrochloric acid, gives the product greater stability and practicality for storage or transportation. The standard form used in industry comes as the racemic mix, meaning both D and L enantiomers present, which influences its pharmacological profile.
Consistent laboratory observations list the melting point around 137°C to 140°C. Density sits near 1.15 g/cm³ at twenty degrees Celsius if one examines pressed solid samples. The solid, odorless and taste-neutral, holds together well under dry storage yet can absorb water from humid air, so sealed containers and proper labeling always remain necessary. It resists decomposition in low-moisture environments, though prolonged contact with light or elevated heat can gradually alter its appearance and potency. Its structure, small uneven flakes or fine-ground powder, reflects the process used during crystallization. When handled in bulk, statically charged clumps form, needing antistatic precautions to prevent scattering.
Pharmaceutical-grade DL-Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride must meet tight purity metrics: typically 99% or greater by high-performance liquid chromatography. Moisture content gets held below 0.5%, and identifiable residual solvents rest far under established safety limits. Tablets and syrups, once common in cold medications, drew on this quality standard; though regulatory changes have reduced use in some countries, the compound maintains relevance in select veterinary and chemical processes. Packaging in kilogram-scale plastic drums, double-sealed for integrity, is common with shipping documents listing all critical hazard details.
This compound features a molecular weight of 203.67 g/mol, and its empirical formula clarifies each atom’s count. The phenyl ring brings hydrophobic traits, while the adjacent amino group leans hydrophilic, making the molecule versatile for different processes. The hydrochloride counterion not only increases water solubility but also provides a predictable crystalline lattice, allowing the substance to be pressed into powders or processed into aqueous solutions as required. In pure water, solutions appear clear and colorless, with pH values skewing slightly acidic depending on concentration; typical laboratory shifts range from 3.0 to 4.5 for industrial-strength mixtures.
Handling this raw material requires respect for its stimulant character and its risks to health. Exposure, particularly by inhalation or skin contact, can cause harmful reactions like elevated blood pressure or skin irritation. Material Safety Data Sheets advocate gloves, goggles, and a dust mask or respirator during bulk processing. Spills get swept into closed containers and removed as hazardous waste, with proper labeling following the guidelines for Class 6.1 toxic materials under the United Nations model regulations. In the supply chain, the United States assigns DL-Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride to HS Code 2922199090, while additional classification details appear in chemical inventory and cross-border records.
Depending on manufacturer technique and intended end-use, the raw bulk material arrives as irregular crystalline flakes, compressed pearls, or a fine, white powder. Powdered forms lend themselves to dissolution, a necessary step in pharmaceutical production or analytical testing. The solid flakes find use in feedstock applications, while the pearl format, with improved flow properties, helps in large-batch chemical synthesis. Once dissolved, the clear solution can be titrated or diluted to precise concentrations for further formulation. Storage in a cool, dark, and dry place helps retain chemical stability over months, limiting decomposition and unwanted reactions that can arise with humidity or contamination.
The story of DL-Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride reminds anyone involved in chemical supplies or healthcare about the shifting boundaries of risk and responsibility. Decades of popular use in cold medications collapsed under waves of safety concerns, with studies pointing to links between improper dosing and elevated stroke risk, particularly in susceptible individuals. Regulatory responses have changed the global landscape, banning or restricting human pharmaceutical use in several countries while maintaining regulated industrial uses elsewhere. These lessons underline the responsibility to stay informed, use credible sourcing, and follow all local guidelines from shipment through final application. Transparent labeling, strict adherence to storage recommendations, and employee training each contribute to a safer operating environment, preventing accidents and safeguarding those working with or near this compound every day.
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