Product Name: Sodium Stibogluconate
Chemical Formula: C12H21NaO16Sb
Synonyms: Sodium antimony gluconate, Pentostam
CAS Number: 15451-89-9
Use: Treatment for leishmaniasis along with some other antimonial compounds; research and clinical settings
Manufacturer/Supplier: Pharmaceutical manufacturers, research chemical suppliers
Contact Information: Emergency: Local Poison Control Center, Professional: Local hospital pharmacy, Research queries: Institutional biosafety committee
Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Health hazard organs especially liver and heart
Risk Phrases: Harmful if swallowed; May cause skin and eye irritation; Harmful by inhalation; Can cause serious health effects with repeated exposure
Physical Hazards: White to off-white crystalline powder, moderate dust potential
Potential Effects: Cardiovascular disturbances, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, hepatotoxicity, prolonged exposure may worsen symptoms
Signal Words: Danger—Seek medical attention after exposure or accidental release
Main Component: Sodium Stibogluconate (C12H21NaO16Sb), typically >95% purity in pharmaceutical form
Impurities: Trace inorganic salts (sodium, stibium derivatives), water of hydration
Additives: Preservatives, stabilizers used in injectable formulations
Concentration Range: Bulk product varies, usually formulated at 100mg/mL solution for parenteral use
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, check ventilation, monitor for respiratory distress, seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and plenty of water, monitor for erythema or irritation
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with copious amounts of water, do not rub eyes, seek ophthalmological evaluation
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, monitor for nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, call a poison control center
Emergency Symptoms: Arrhythmias, severe headache, yellow skin or eyes, confusion, seek emergency medical attention for acute reactions
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder—use based on surrounding materials
Special Hazards: Burning or decomposition releases toxic fumes of antimony oxides, carbon oxides
Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective clothing, avoid inhalation of combustion products
Fire Response: Avoid releasing runoff into drains or waterways, contain spilled material
Personal Precautions: Wear impervious gloves, laboratory coat, eye protection, and an N95 respirator if dust potential exists
Spill Cleanup: Scoop up powder or soak up solution using absorbent, transfer to labeled waste containers for disposal
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, sewers, or watercourses, collect clean-up debris on designated hazardous waste
Decontamination: Wash surfaces with soapy water, ensure proper ventilation before resuming use of area
Safe Handling: Minimize dust generation, avoid contact with skin, mucous membranes, and eyes, use only in well-ventilated areas or fume hood
Storage Conditions: Store at 2–8°C, upright, tightly sealed, protected from light, avoid moisture exposure
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, acids, reducing agents, avoid mixing with strong bases
Container Requirements: Use original packaging or chemically resistant containers with labels and hazard warnings
Engineering Controls: Employ chemical fume hood, closed processes for manufacturing or research, local exhaust ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment: Gloves (nitrile or similar chemically resistant material), safety goggles or full face shield, disposable lab coats
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved respirator if exposure limits risk being exceeded or dust/aerosol is unavoidable
Monitoring: Regular medical surveillance for frequent handlers, especially for signs of hepatic or cardiac impairment
Exposure Limits: No ACGIH TLV or OSHA PEL for Sodium Stibogluconate; maintain exposures as low as possible, as with all antimony compounds
Appearance: White or off-white powder; may be supplied in clear, colorless solution
Odor: Odorless
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Melting Point: Not clearly defined (decomposes on heating)
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, insoluble in most organic solvents
pH (1% solution): 6.5–7.5
Specific Gravity: Approximately 1.7 (for the dry powder)
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable
Stability in Solution: Stable for up to 24 months at 2–8°C if protected from light and contamination
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperature and handling conditions
Decomposition: Emits toxic fumes of antimony oxides, carbon oxides on decomposition
Hazardous Reactions: Strong oxidizing agents may initiate reactions, avoid acids and strong reducing agents
Polymerization: Does not polymerize
Conditions to Avoid: High temperature, moisture, contamination by incompatible chemicals
Acute Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ECG changes, pain and irritation at injection site, headache
Chronic Effects: Risk of hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, pancreatitis, leukopenia due to accumulation with extended therapy
LD50 (oral, rat): No reliable data; antimony compounds tend to have moderate acute toxicity
Target Organs: Cardiovascular system, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract
Carcinogenicity: Antimony compounds listed as possible carcinogens (IARC 2B)
Additional Data: Reports of hypersensitivity including rash and anaphylaxis, possible teratogenicity concerns
Aquatic Toxicity: Antimony compounds present a hazard to aquatic organisms, especially algae and invertebrates
Persistence and Degradability: Not rapidly biodegradable, risk of accumulation in soil and sediment
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low to moderate potential, particularly in aquatic foodchains
Mobility in Soil: High water solubility leads to potential leaching
Other Adverse Effects: Toxicity to soil-dwelling microfauna, avoid environmental contamination
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose of as hazardous chemical waste according to federal, state, and local regulations
Container Disposal: Rinse thoroughly, destroy by suitable method (e.g., incineration), collect rinsates for hazardous waste treatment
Precautions for Disposal: Never dispose into sewer, waterways, municipal waste; minimize exposure to handlers
Recommended Measures: Use registered hazardous waste contractor, maintain manifest records for traceability
UN Number: Not specifically assigned; treat as environmentally hazardous, follow regulations for toxic substances
Proper Shipping Name: Sodium stibogluconate solution or Antimonial compound, toxic n.o.s. (not otherwise specified)
Hazard Class: 6.1 (toxic substances)
Packing Group: III (moderate hazard)
Labeling Requirements: Toxic substance label, environmental hazard symbol
Shipping Notes: Protect from heat, physical damage, ensure secondary containment for liquid shipments
OSHA Status: Considered hazardous under OSHA criteria as antimony compound
TSCA: Listed
SARA: Antimony and its compounds subject to reporting under SARA Title III Section 313
WHMIS: Classified D2B (Toxic material causing other toxic effects)
EU Classification: Harmful (Xn), Environmental Hazard (N), Risk Phrases R22, R36/37/38, Safety Phrases S36/37
Other References: IARC Group 2B (Possible Carcinogen); not scheduled under Controlled Substances Act, but prescription-only under most national pharmacopoeias
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