The story of (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol reaches back to the persistent experimentation that characterized industrial and academic chemistry in the late 20th century. Every refinement in the field of piperazine derivatives opened doors to new possibilities in medicinal chemistry and neuropharmacology. Amid this evolving context, researchers identified this compound for its notable enantioselectivity and promising activity profiles. The journey reflected not only curiosity but real-world pressure to address neurological disorders more efficiently. As regulatory frameworks tightened, chemists sharpened their focus on chirality and its impact on safety and efficacy, reinforcing the importance of meticulous synthesis while highlighting the role of stereochemistry in clinical outcomes.
(S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol lands in a unique position among piperazine-related molecules. Recognized for its stereospecific features, this compound features a piperazine ring bonded to a phenyl group and a chiral diol tail, giving it a precise three-dimensional configuration. The importance of such molecular shape can’t be overstated in drug discovery since the way these atoms connect affects everything from binding affinity to downstream metabolism. Its availability from specialty suppliers speaks to both its value in research and regulations that govern handling and transport of fine chemicals. Named synonyms, including (S)-(-)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)propane-1,2-diol, allow researchers to navigate literature and chemical catalogs with clarity.
This compound shows up as a crystalline solid at room temperature, with a melting point often reported near 120°C, providing suitable stability for handling in most laboratory environments. Its solubility in polar solvents, including water and ethanol, supports flexibility in formulation work and allows comprehensive study of pharmacokinetics. Bench chemists frequently note its moderate polarity, which plays a role in both chromatographic purification steps and the pharmacological properties down the line. From a chemical property perspective, its diol group speaks to a hydrogen bonding capability, while the piperazine core stands out for both basicity and potential for further functionalization.
Standard preparations of this propanediol derivative report a high chemical purity, typically exceeding 98%, and a specific optical rotation to confirm the (S)-enantiomer. Specifications extend to details such as residual solvents, moisture content, and trace metal impurities. Full traceability is essential, allowing downstream users confidence in both research and manufacturing. Each package requires clear labeling, stating the CAS number, chemical structure, batch number, and recommended storage conditions, all in compliance with international chemical safety standards. For regulated uses, certificates of analysis are immediately available, and when importation comes into play, paperwork needs alignment with harmonized chemical registry systems.
Early synthetic routes for (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol relied on chiral pool resources, such as naturally occurring diols or asymmetric reduction of suitable ketones. Over time, laboratories moved toward enantioselective catalytic methods, harnessing either biocatalysts or finely tuned organometallic reagents. The scalable approach involves nucleophilic substitution with 4-phenylpiperazine on a protected chiral epoxide, followed by controlled deprotection steps. Each phase demands close control of temperature and pH to maintain the stereochemical information built into the molecule's backbone. Labs manufacturing at scale invest heavily in chiral chromatography and robust analytical checks to reduce the risk of racemic contamination.
(S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol stands ready for elaborate modifications. The terminal hydroxyls serve as anchor points for etherifications and esterifications, giving medicinal chemists the ability to create prodrugs or tailor solubility and stability. Through N-alkylation or acylation of the piperazine ring, researchers generate analogs with diverse pharmacological effects. Cross-coupling techniques introduce heterocycles or aromatic groups, opening up structure-activity relationship (SAR) explorations. Each pathway hinges on the foundational stability of the core molecule, and the reactions proceed efficiently under mild conditions to preserve that critical stereochemistry.
Chemists searching literature encounter this molecule under several monikers: (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol, (S)-(-)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)propane-1,2-diol, and its related registry numbers all describe the same essential structure. Suppliers sometimes use catalog codes and trade names, but the systematic nomenclature reveals not just the components but the all-important stereochemistry. These alternative names help streamline literature reviews and supplier communications, making it clear that only the optically pure (S)-enantiomer suffices for applications in asymmetric synthesis and pharmacology.
Regulated handling of (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol protects both personnel and product quality. Regional guidelines require hazard communication, use of certified protective gear, and meticulous record keeping. Material safety data sheets detail its toxicity profile, recommend the use of gloves and goggles, and call for local exhaust ventilation when handling powders or solutions. Waste management hinges on minimizing environmental discharge, using designated solvent containers, and routine checks for cross-contamination. In regulated facilities, each batch run tracks chain of custody in case of recalls or audits, bolstering accountability at every step.
The pharmaceutical sector sees the greatest demand for this molecule, given its close connection to drug discovery and lead optimization. Its core structure forms the backbone for antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antiproliferative agents, giving medicinal chemists a jumpstart during the hit-to-lead transition. Some teams evaluate it as a diagnostic probe in neurochemistry, tying molecular configuration to receptor selectivity. Academic researchers pursue studies that unpack how stereochemistry drives not just efficacy but also distribution and metabolism in animal models.
Teams focused on CNS drug development keep this molecule on hand for rapid analog synthesis and mechanism-of-action studies. Its ready functional groups make it an anchor point for radiolabeling or probe tagging. By leveraging modular synthesis, labs advance clinical candidates faster, while analytical chemists study metabolic fate and bioavailability in model organisms. Conferences and journals feature case studies that highlight its value in understanding structure-activity relationships, particularly for neuroactive drug classes.
Rigorous evaluation of toxicity starts with in vitro cytotoxicity screens across multiple cell lines, followed by controlled in vivo studies in small animal models. Existing studies cite low acute toxicity at standard laboratory concentrations but urge caution since detailed metabolic fate still requires mapping for each new analog. For clinical applications, teams push for chronic exposure studies and metabolite identification to anticipate off-target effects. Understanding these risks early helps guide compound modification strategies, sometimes prompting the introduction of protective groups to reduce exposure or excretion risks downstream.
Continued investment in this field points toward more efficient enantioselective syntheses, improved analog screening, and safer formulations. As AI-driven retrosynthesis models gain traction, researchers expect to shave months off lead optimization and reach clinical milestones faster. Regulatory interest in green chemistry drives innovation in catalyst recovery and solvent minimization, making synthesis more sustainable. Looking at future therapies in psychiatry and cancer, (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol serves as both a scaffold and a source of inspiration, proving that careful attention to molecular details pays out in real-world biological breakthroughs.
A long chemical name can feel overwhelming, yet a closer look often reveals a story that matters for human health. (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol might not sound familiar, but it’s built from parts that connect directly to how modern medicine works.
Chemists and pharmacologists rely on molecules like this as stepping stones to new drugs. The “piperazine” structure shows up in many antipsychotic medications and antidepressants. Add the “phenyl” part, and you’re dealing with a scaffold that can interact with biological receptors inside the brain. By altering such molecules, researchers target serotonin and dopamine pathways—systems that go haywire in clinical depression, schizophrenia, or anxiety disorders.
( S )-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol acts as a raw material—a “precursor”—for drugs called beta-blockers. These help control blood pressure, prevent heart attacks, and manage anxiety by blocking adrenaline’s effects. Under strict lab controls, scientists use this molecule as a crucial step for synthesizing other safe medications. Carvedilol, for example, contains related pieces and improves outcomes in heart failure. The pharmaceutical industry counts on consistency and purity, so raw materials like this one must meet high standards.
In the 1980s and 90s, researchers explored many piperazine-based compounds for their calming effects and ability to alter nerve signaling. They looked for leads among molecules like this, testing structural tweaks to reduce side effects and boost benefits. Some mixtures turned risky, but others made life better for millions.
There’s always a search for derivatives with fewer complications—especially options that avoid tiredness or weight change. I remember working in a hospital pharmacy, seeing how each tweak in drug design could mean the difference between someone keeping a job or fighting debilitating symptoms at home.
Drugs built from piperazine scaffolds sometimes slip into recreational markets, raising concerns. Law enforcement and health officials lock horns with illicit labs that misuse precursors for unapproved stimulants. This highlights a challenge for global supply chains and customs monitoring. Tracking sales, setting regulations, and educating buyers guard against misuse.
Responsible sourcing and secure tracking help curb unsafe access. Regulatory agencies require traceability from factory to pharmacy shelf. Chemical suppliers now work more closely with pharmaceutical companies and public authorities, sharing data to spot suspicious orders.
Science keeps moving, and many new compounds are only possible because researchers trust the supply and character of such raw materials. By focusing on strict safety checks, continuous testing, and strong record-keeping, the drug development world responds to both hope and risk.
There’s no glamour in the upstream pipeline, yet every pill starts with chemicals like this—measured, checked, and handled with care—on the way to improving lives on a grand scale.
Start with the name: (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol. Chemists use these long, winding labels with a reason. Every part gives a clue about the layout of this molecule. The “S” stands for the S-enantiomer, reflecting the specific spatial arrangement around a chiral center. In pharmaceutical work, chirality isn’t just a technical point—it shapes the biological effect of the molecule. Even a flip in orientation can turn a life-saving therapy into something ineffective or, far worse, harmful. Real stories from decades of research remind us: get this detail right.
Let’s spell out the nuts and bolts. The molecular formula for (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol is C13H20N2O2. It holds thirteen carbon atoms, twenty hydrogens, two nitrogens, and two oxygens. Each atom’s position matters. A phenyl ring, recognizable for its hexagonal carbon loop, attaches to a piperazine—a six-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms. Out from that scaffold sprouts a propanediol chain. Sticklers for accuracy point to the chiral center at the second carbon in the propanediol chain, and that twist of spatial geometry—left or right-handed—matters in everything from drug effectiveness to metabolism.
I’ve seen researchers grapple with these details countless times. One wrong turn with a molecular structure and an entire project’s timeline slips. I remember long afternoons in the lab, staring at NMR spectra and hoping for the right peaks. Piperazine rings show up in all sorts of drug molecules, especially in psychiatry and neurology, because their framework interacts neatly with neuroreceptors. Drop in a phenyl group and activity can spike, giving new promise against conditions like anxiety or even schizophrenia.
Chirality isn’t something only academics care about—patients feel the impact. The S-enantiomer of a molecule can fit perfectly into a biological pocket, just like a left glove slides onto a left hand. The right glove won’t work. Thalidomide’s tragic history hammers this lesson home: the S and R forms had different effects, changing medical practice forever. That’s why understanding and controlling the handedness of molecules like this propanediol derivative gets so much attention from pharmaceutical chemists and regulatory agencies alike.
Getting this structure right takes real work. Synthetic chemists use chiral catalysts or starting materials to favor the S-form. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can tease apart enantiomers to check purity. Even with good intentions, contamination by the wrong enantiomer can slip past a rushed QC process if labs cut corners. From my own missteps, I’ve seen progress only when teams double-check work and invest in equipment upgrades. Companies that support solid quality control don’t just protect their bottom line—they help safeguard public health.
It might sound dry, parsing a chemical name and string of atoms. But the bigger story shines through: every bond and twist in a chemical like (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol can mean the difference between success and failure in medicine. Top research teams hold themselves accountable and keep an eye on new analytical techniques, because accuracy here could save lives and drive innovation in medicine. Real investment in training and technology pays off when the stakes are this high.
Handling any chemical compound means more than just following the label. I’ve worked with industrial chemicals where the difference between a pristine lab and a disaster came down to daily routines. A good storage setup keeps people safe, prevents leaks, and protects the product.
Some chemicals react badly to heat or cold. I recall one summer, a simple lapse let a temperature-sensitive solvent sit next to a sun-baked window. That bottle swelled and nearly popped, risking fumes nobody wanted to breathe. Storage experts often designate cool, dry rooms for a reason—heat speeds up breakdown, cold can force unexpected precipitation or crystallization, and moisture leads to clumping or even dangerous reactions.
Light, especially sunlight, causes some compounds to degrade or change entirely. I’ve seen samples turn color or lose their punch simply from a day near a windowsill. Amber-colored containers or cabinets placed far from light sources cut this risk down. It’s such a simple measure, but skipping it wastes both money and time.
Old habits like hand-labeling every flask pay off when you’re trying to avoid mistakes. I’ve fished through unlabeled bottles, hoping not to grab the wrong chemical for a test. Every container, even if it’s just water, should carry a clear, up-to-date label with full names and hazard warnings. Organized shelves, set by hazard class or use, make life smoother and safer.
I’ve watched projects go sideways from a single drop of the wrong material in a container. Dedicated scoops, dispensers, and sealed bottles prevent this sort of costly slip. Cross-contamination doesn’t just ruin experiments—a little leftover acid in a base canister causes pressure, leaks, or even explosions.
Even when a compound seems “safe,” fumes and dust build up with repeated handling. A well-ventilated workspace, with every chemical capped tight when not in use, guards lungs and keeps headaches away. I’ve opened storerooms without enough airflow and felt the sting of concentrated vapors—the lesson never left me.
Safety goggles, gloves, and even a well-placed shower or eyewash station take only a few minutes to set up. I wore out one lab coat so riddled with burn spots that it became a museum piece. Tools like chemical-resistant gloves and aprons make all the difference. Every workplace should post printed procedures for spills or exposures where everyone can see them, not locked in some drawer.
A simple sign-in sheet or a digital inventory, updated each time someone takes or adds anything, catches problems before they grow. I’ve seen teams panic over missing reagents, only to discover they were misplaced weeks earlier when updated records would have headed off the confusion. Tracking use not only prevents shortages, it identifies when old stock might need disposal.
Letting waste pile up never ends well. Most compounds require specific disposal methods to avoid harming people or polluting water and soil. Regularly scheduled pickups and clear separation of incompatible wastes keep routines simple. Knowing local, state, and national regulations ensures nothing illegal goes out in the trash. It might feel tedious, yet witnessing even a minor spill in the wrong place turns the task into a necessity, not an afterthought.
A story in any chemistry lab tends to involve big bottles, white powders, and clear liquids. Still, the quiet question people overlook often is, how pure is that stuff in your hand? With (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol, you find that purity slides onto the table pretty quickly, especially among synthesis teams or pharma development folks. Customers ask about available grades for a reason: purity shapes the way this molecule performs, reacts, and even gets accepted on paperwork for regulated projects.
Manufacturers don’t always speak with one voice. Some aim squarely at researchers who care about a solid sample for proof-of-concept routine work. Others carry higher standards to support scale-up efforts or clinical testing. I remember talking to a chemist from a mid-sized API producer; he said half their supply chain headaches came from simple grade mismatches. That meant a batch heads for quality control and someone starts cursing under their breath after finding out the lot didn’t match the HPLC threshold set for a pilot study.
Ringing around chemical suppliers usually brings a few standard answers. For basic bench experiments, most companies offer a “research grade” or “analytical grade” product. This suits development labs where cost weighs more than purity spikes above 99%. Step up to regulated work or serious pharmaceutical synthesis, and “pharma grade” often pops up—backed by batch certificates, tighter impurity profiling, and a traceable route. Sometimes I’ve seen a so-called “GMP grade” for those walking into Phase I studies or larger manufacturing runs. In my experience, fewer suppliers keep such inventory without a lead time or custom order.
Not every bottle comes with the same paper trail. Certificates of analysis become critical fast, especially as teams demand clarity about impurity classes or enantiomeric excess. More than once, clients received “high-purity” samples that met their own in-house test, but during validation, unseen peaks in the chromatogram led to hours of delayed work. It pays to check the supporting documents and ask about available impurity profile details—before committing to a source.
Let’s be honest—skipping over purity grades might save some money up front, but dirty samples kill time later. In pharma, tiny impurities sometimes have big, expensive consequences down the road. Even outside pharma, analytical methods can fumble if a compound contains stubborn contaminants. Young researchers sometimes call this “mystery noise” in their data, unaware it traces back to the original lot. I’ve seen entire research projects pivot because data drifted away from expectations thanks to neglected purity.
Start by mapping the actual use. Are you probing out a basic reaction, or do you need to impress regulators or investors with a clean path to scale? Tell the supplier your needs, and don’t hesitate to ask for chromatograms or third-party testing. Consider running your own incoming QC checks and never assume research grade suits clinical research without extra validation. Supply chains remain tricky, so a low price sometimes hides surprises in the bottle.
A reliable source for (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol means more than picking whoever has stock on hand. Look for clear communication about their quality systems. Pick up the phone if you’re unsure. In the end, a good supplier earns trust by showing transparency about exactly what they’re sending, not just on a website, but with every batch.
A name like (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol rarely comes up in everyday conversation, but many lab researchers and chemists recognize it. Sometimes, specialty pharmaceuticals or advanced research chemicals log a name like this on their ingredient lists. Before anyone signs off on using a compound like this, asking if it causes harm makes perfect sense.
I’ve seen cases where new compounds gain attention in a lab, and teams start hunting for safety information. Checking through public databases, including the US National Library of Medicine’s PubChem, this chemical only pops up in a few scientific statements, often as a reference in preparation routes. You won’t see it reviewed by major drug safety boards. No standardized toxicology studies have been published for humans or animals on this one, not even generalized cell culture tests. The sheer absence of data sets off a flag — not a smoking gun, but a reminder to slow down and run background checks.
A familiar structural motif, the piperazine ring, shows up in legitimate drugs. Some antipsychotic and antidepressant medicines contain this structure, yet small changes on a molecule can make a world of difference between helpful and harmful. Nerve agents and recreational drugs both find homes in chemical families with this backbone. The rest of the molecule, a 1,2-propanediol part, structures other chemicals like propylene glycol — that’s a substance the FDA allows in food and medicine. But that doesn’t mean all cousins play nice; other chemical relatives end up on restricted lists.
People sometimes look at compounds with piperazine rings and assume risk because of what some analogs have done in the past. For example, some recreational piperazines turned out to have stimulant properties, leading to side effects like seizures or heart problems. Close structural relatives of propanediol, if metabolized too quickly or in certain ways, can irritate tissues and organs. Even without proven toxicity, no one should treat laboratory-grade chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates as safe by default. The difference between research quantities and clinical doses shows up in the side effects people experience.
Many chemical suppliers apply a broad-strokes hazard label: “Handle with gloves, goggles, and lab coat.” In my own lab experience, that command comes less from detailed studies and more from wanting to play it safe. Compounds lacking proven safety data still shed dust, splash droplets, and produce vapors during handling. Without a verified Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), proper storage gets tricky. Degradation and waste disposal rules remain based on category — in this case, treating it as a piperazine and keeping it away from acids, oxidizers, and heat.
If someone plans to use (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol in research, transparency matters most. Start with small-scale exposure, keep records, consult with a toxicologist or occupational health officer, and demand suppliers give every scrap of information they have. If custom synthesis sits on the table, request an assessment on any potential metabolites as well. If the risk remains completely unknown, some institutions suggest alternative molecules or demand extra controls, like airflow hoods and sealed containers.
Untested chemicals may attract attention because of their potential. Without a complete safety dossier, treating this compound with caution stands as the only truly defensible position. Laboratories pushing boundaries in organic synthesis or drug discovery succeed only when careful risk assessment and transparent reporting sit front and center in every experiment.
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