Product Name: (S)-2-Chloro-1-Propanol
Chemical Family: Halogenated alcohol
CAS Number: 20768-77-6
Synonyms: (S)-(−)-2-Chloropropanol, (S)-1-Chloro-2-hydroxypropane
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemical, pharmaceutical intermediate, chiral building block
Supplier: Details available on product label and company dossier
Emergency Phone: Refer to company emergency number listed on the chemical container
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Eye irritation, Skin irritation
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, causes skin irritation, causes serious eye irritation
Pictograms: Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Do not breathe vapors or mists. Wash thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves and eye protection. Handle in a well-ventilated area. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Avoid release to the environment.
Other Hazards: May cause central nervous system depression if ingested or inhaled in large amounts. Prolonged or repeated contact can defat the skin and lead to dermatitis.
Chemical Identity: (S)-2-Chloro-1-Propanol
CAS Number: 20768-77-6
EC Number: 244-110-1
Concentration: ≥98%
Impurities: Minor components ≤2%, consistent with standard laboratory or industrial synthesis
Molecular Formula: C3H7ClO
Molecular Weight: 94.54 g/mol
General Advice: Remove from exposure immediately. Get medical attention if symptoms persist.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Support breathing with oxygen or artificial respiration if required. Get medical help if effects continue.
Skin Contact: Wash skin thoroughly using soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Seek medical advice if irritation appears or persists.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes for at least 15 minutes with cool, running water. Lift eyelids occasionally. Get medical help if irritation remains.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, or alcohol-resistant foam.
Special Hazards: Can emit corrosive or toxic fumes such as hydrogen chloride and phosgene when burned. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical protective clothing.
Firefighting Instructions: Keep containers cool with water spray. Approach from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors. Avoid breathing fumes from burning material.
Specific Hazards: Runoff from fire can create contamination risk for waterways.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area of unprotected personnel. Ventilate the area. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Use appropriate personal protective equipment including gloves, goggles, and respirator if necessary.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from entering drains, sewers, or watercourses. Notify authorities if significant environmental contamination occurs.
Cleanup Methods: Absorb spill using inert material like vermiculite, sand, or earth. Scoop up and dispose of according to local waste regulations. Decontaminate the area with detergent and water after removal. Provide adequate ventilation.
Reference to Other Sections: See ‘Exposure Controls and Personal Protection’ for details on PPE and safe handling.
Safe Handling: Work in a well-ventilated area or under fume extraction. Always wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, lab coat, and suitable respiratory protection. Wash hands after handling, even if gloves were used. Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where (S)-2-Chloro-1-Propanol is handled or stored. Minimize dust formation. Prevent splashes and any aerosolization of the liquid.
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant, clearly labeled containers. Use only containers and equipment compatible with chlorinated alcohols. Place away from sources of ignition, strong oxidizing agents, acids, alkali, and direct sunlight. Recommended temperature: 2-8°C (refrigerated). Protect from humidity and accidental damage.
Incompatible Materials: Strong bases, strong acids, oxidizing agents, aminating agents. Avoid prolonged contact with light metals.
Technical Precautions: Ground equipment to prevent static discharge. Employ secondary containments for bulk storage.
Occupational Exposure Limits: No respected local workplace exposure limits set for (S)-2-Chloro-1-Propanol. Use general vapor exposure parameters for similar chlorinated alcohols if available.
Engineering Controls: Use fume hood or local exhaust ventilation to manage airborne vapors. Closed systems preferred for transfer and manipulation.
Personal Protective Equipment:
Respiratory Protection: Use fit-tested half-mask respirator with organic vapor cartridge if exposure risk exists.
Eye Protection: Chemical splash goggles or face shield.
Hand Protection: Butyl or nitrile rubber gloves preferred for chemical resistance.
Skin Protection: Long-sleeved lab coat, pants, closed-toe chemical-resistant shoes. Consider chemical apron for large-scale handling.
Hygienic Practices: Remove contaminated clothing after exposure. Wash hands thoroughly before breaks, consuming food and at shift end.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Faint, pungent, characteristic alcohol odor
Odor Threshold: Not determined
pH: Not applicable (neutral in pure form)
Melting Point: -29°C
Boiling Point: 145-147°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 51°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not determined
Flammability: Combustible
Upper/lower Flammability Limits: Data not available
Vapor Pressure: 3.11 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 3.2 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 1.18 g/mL at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water, soluble in most organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Log Kow: -0.88
Auto-ignition Temperature: 420°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not established
Viscosity: Not established
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended handling and storage conditions. Sensitive to moisture and light over long periods.
Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. Contact with sodium or potassium may result in hazardous reactions.
Hazardous Reactions: May release hydrochloric acid fumes in contact with acids or on thermal decomposition. May form explosive mixtures with air if allowed to evaporate and accumulate in enclosed spaces.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, open flame, direct sunlight, incompatible materials, and moisture ingress. Avoid aerosol formation.
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): estimated 400 mg/kg. Can cause acute symptoms: nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness. Inhalation may irritate nose and respiratory tract.
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Moderate irritant. May cause redness, itching, and prolonged discomfort.
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Risk of severe irritation, tearing, redness, or blurred vision.
Respiratory Sensitization: No confirmed data, but may trigger mild respiratory irritation in sensitive individuals.
Skin Sensitization: No reliable evidence of allergy under normal exposure conditions.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure may lead to dermatitis or central nervous system effects. Not classified as a carcinogen. No reproductive or developmental hazard noted.
Mutagenicity: Not listed as mutagenic by standard regulatory databases.
Other Data: Medical conditions aggravated by exposure: existing dermatitis, asthma, or respiratory disorders.
Ecotoxicity Data: Harmful to aquatic organisms based on structural analog data. LC50 (Fish, 96hr, predicted): ~75 mg/L. Avoid discharge to water systems.
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable in aerobic conditions but has the potential to impact local flora and fauna if released in concentrated form.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low potential for bioaccumulation (Log Kow <1).
Mobility in Soil: High mobility in water due to solubility; leaching into groundwater possible.
Other Adverse Effects: Release into soil or surface water may alter biological oxygen demand. Not classified as hazardous waste for large ecosystems but can be damaging locally. No data on ozone depletion or greenhouse gas properties.
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose by incineration at approved chemical waste facility. Follow all state and local regulations. Small amounts can be diluted and burned in chemical fume hood, if permitted. For large quantities, contact specialized chemical disposal providers.
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse containers well before disposal. Clear labeling of hazardous nature before returning or recycling. Triple-rinse and puncture before sending for recycling or landfill, depending on local rules.
Special Precautions: Do not pour into drains, watercourses, or soil. Avoid inhaling disposal fumes. Dispose in accordance with chemical waste authorities’ guidance.
UN Number: UN 1992
UN Proper Shipping Name: Flammable liquid, toxic, n.o.s. (contains (S)-2-Chloro-1-Propanol)
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquids), 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Labels Required: Flammable liquid, Toxic
Marine Pollutant: Not listed as marine pollutant
Special Precautions for User: Keep containers upright and well-sealed. Use secondary containment for bulk transport.
Transport in Bulk: Follow gas and chemical industry codes for liquid hazardous materials. Restrict shipments to trained handlers.
Hazard Indications: Immediate danger if large spill or fire occurs during transit.
OSHA Status: Not regulated as a specific chemical under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, but general safety protocols apply.
TSCA Listing: Listed on the US Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory.
EINECS/ELINCS: 244-110-1 (Europe)
REACH Status: Not fully registered; check with supplier for supported use scenarios.
SARA Title III: Acute Health Hazard—Yes; Chronic Health Hazard—No; Immediate (Acute)—Yes; Fire Hazard—Yes
California Proposition 65: Not known to be listed
WHMIS (Canada): WHMIS classification—Class B2 (flammable liquid), Class D2B (toxic material causing other toxic effects)
Other International Regulations: Compliance required with local, national, and international chemical safety and transport regulations.
Inventory Listings: On global inventories including TSCA, EINECS, AICS, DSL. Consult local chemical authority for import and handling permits.
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