Tracing the story of L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate is like peering into the history books of neurochemistry. Researchers first caught on to the parent compound, nipecotic acid, in the early 1970s, around the time when the world scrambled to understand neurotransmitter function in the brain. Looking for molecules that could slow the reuptake of GABA, a chief inhibitory neurotransmitter, scientists quickly realized the structural promise of nipecotic acid derivatives. Bringing the ester into the mix, especially as an ethyl ester, opened doors for improved bioavailability and better transport across biological membranes. Pairing it with L-tartrate wasn’t an off-hand move either—L-tartrate ensured better solubility, eased handling, and allowed for more precise dosing in laboratory settings. Over decades, the tool moved from obscure chemical catalogs into the regular stocking lists of neuropharmacology labs worldwide.
L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate stands as a specialized compound central to both basic neuroscience research and pharmaceutical development. Used primarily to inhibit GABA uptake, it serves as a powerful probe for mapping inhibitory pathways in the brain, understanding seizure activity, and even exploring new molecular approaches to epilepsy therapy. The compound’s hybrid structure—where the ethyl ester offers strategic chemical flexibility and the tartrate counterion improves physical handling—sets it apart from similar molecules. Laboratories value it not just for its specificity, but for the reliability it brings to protocols where small batch reproducibility can make or break months of effort. Its broad interest in both research and development expands far beyond its relatively humble roots.
You run into its off-white, powdery appearance in most lab inventories—sometimes with a faint crystalline sheen if you look close enough. Its molecular formula, C12H19NO7, with a molar mass clocking in at just under 305 g/mol, reflects a medium-weight compound hefty enough to remain stable under standard storage conditions. Solubility leans in favor of water, thanks to the tartrate component, but it also blends evenly in alcohols and some mild organic solvents. Melting points hover in the neighborhood of 120–130°C, giving researchers a quietly reliable thermal window, while the compound maintains a neutral pH in solution, reducing compatibility headaches with biological assays.
Manufacturers typically supply L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate with purity grades above 98%, sometimes touching 99% after additional recrystallization steps. Labels highlight lot number, batch date, expiration date, and storage instructions—cool, dry, and away from direct sunlight. In the United States and much of Europe, regulatory guidance on labeling tracks local chemical safety legislation, often referencing both the Global Harmonized System (GHS) for hazard classification and individualized laboratory requirements for traceability. Suppliers tend to back each batch with a certificate of analysis, detailing spectroscopic identification, chromatographic purity, and verified absence of major contaminant peaks.
Chemical synthesis starts with commercially available nipecotic acid. The acid first undergoes esterification, typically using ethanol in the presence of acid catalysts like sulfuric acid, yielding the ethyl ester. Next, purification extracts the ester with water and separates it from leftover reactants and byproducts. Neutralization steps then introduce L-tartaric acid, which bonds readily to form the tartrate salt. Active filtering removes excess solvent, and slow evaporation or lyophilization finishes the process, leaving the fine, manageable salt that researchers expect. Analytical controls monitor each stage, because even minor deviations in acid-to-ester conversion or tartrate addition change both performance and safety characteristics.
The nipecotic scaffold lends itself to straightforward modifications. Chemists often swap the ethyl group for bulkier or more hydrophobic esters to tweak absorption or blood-brain barrier penetration. The cyclic amine ring resists hydrolysis under mild conditions but opens new chemistry with strong acids, bases, or catalytic hydrogenation—a feature exploited for downstream derivatives targeting non-GABA transporters. Even the tartrate counterion can be exchanged for other organic acids, rarely altering biological activity but shifting pharmacist handling properties or shelf stability. Reaction schemes rarely stray from classical organic transformations: esterification, salt formation, and the occasional reductive amination or amidation for advanced analogues.
Labs encounter this compound under several aliases—Ethyl (R)-2-piperidinecarboxylate L-tartrate and Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester L-tartrate show up in reagent catalogs, alongside brand-blended names from different chemical suppliers. The chemical registry number (CAS) provides an unambiguous anchor, ensuring procurement teams get exactly the form their protocol demands. Some specialty vendors even use trade names or shorter tag-lines when marketing to drug discovery units, though the molecular structure remains identical.
Nobody in their right mind treats it casually—stick to gloves and lab goggles, and work inside a certified chemical fume hood. Ingestion or skin contact irritates in minutes, sometimes with local redness or mild numbness, reflecting the compound’s action on peripheral GABA pathways. Spills clean up with conventional pads and copious rinsing; ventilation deals quickly with the low-volatility ester. Staff training underpins every operation—people memorize safety data sheet (SDS) codes, know the location of rinse stations, and review hazard pictograms before use. Waste heads into organic solvent disposal streams, not mixed with halogenated or oxidizing agents, and everyone on the team knows to log every use for end-of-year compliance reports.
This reagent stays busy in neurochemistry, where labs use it to probe and modulate GABAergic signaling. Electrophysiologists inject it to block GABA uptake, mapping neural circuits with fast-scan voltammetry or microdialysis. Preclinical drug programs test analogues in seizure models, hoping to flag molecules that outperform current anticonvulsants. Some behavioral scientists examine its effects in animal models for anxiety, sleep, or learning by leveraging the compound’s impact on inhibitory neurotransmission. The pharmaceutical industry invests in its toolkit potential for screening new GABAergic agents, using it as both a control and a positive comparator. Teaching hospitals even use it for graduate-level coursework on transporter pharmacology, often in short, hands-on modules for advanced neuroscience trainees.
Across the last decade, research on L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate moved from basic transporter studies to layered pharmacological profiling. Scientists linked its inhibitory potency directly to backbone substitutions and to ester modifications, developing structure-activity relationships that guided new drug programs. High-throughput screening efforts leaned on its GABA transporter selectivity to flag hits in crowded compound libraries, refining hit-to-lead workflows for modern anticonvulsant candidates. Recently, bioavailability and metabolic stability studies sharpened focus on its potential for oral or intranasal delivery, a change from the earlier reliance on direct brain microinjections. Journals regularly cite it for both confirming transporter specificity and as a benchmark for second-generation analogues—evidence of its versatility and sustained research value.
Rodent studies set the primary benchmarks. Researchers dosing rats and mice found acute toxicity at moderate to high levels—doses above 100 mg/kg triggered CNS depression, convulsions in some species, and labored breathing. Chronic exposure brought more subtle changes, including reduced mobility and altered EEG activity, reinforcing its activity on inhibitory circuits in the central nervous system. Cell culture models detailed mitochondrial stress at high concentrations, though most protocols keep exposures well under those thresholds. Toxicologists confirmed a low risk of mutagenicity, with no significant rise in chromosomal breaks or cancer markers under standard laboratory exposure. Regulatory agencies flagged the compound for restricted access, limiting its sale only to trained labs and clearly marking it as a controlled research chemical in many jurisdictions.
A few years back, only neurobiology specialists paid serious attention to L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate. That picture changed as cross-disciplinary interest in transporter blockers exploded. Medical device developers now run trials pairing the compound with implantable microprobes for real-time neurotransmitter flux monitoring. Drug companies look at it as a jumping-off point for both central and peripheral GABAergic agents targeting pain, anxiety, and movement disorders. Bioengineers think about conjugating it to nanoparticles, hoping to target brain tissue more precisely. With the mental health crisis drawing attention to new and better therapies, compounds like this offer rare leverage points for both foundational science and translational medicine.
L-Nipecotic acid ethyl ester L-tartrate lands in the field of neuroscience research, linked closely to the study of neurotransmitters, especially gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA. Lab teams use it for its recognized role as a GABA uptake inhibitor. By blocking the reuptake of GABA, it raises the amount of this neurotransmitter floating around nerve connections. In my work with research-focused teams, we’ve seen how tools like this get brought in early on to help piece together how brain circuits work, both in health and in conditions like epilepsy, anxiety, and movement disorders.
GABA plays a critical role in quieting down nerve activity. A lot of research groups target GABA function because shifting the balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain often underpins seizures, mood disorders, and some forms of chronic pain. L-Nipecotic acid analogs let specialists test the “breaking system” of the brain. Gain too much, and brain signals slow or stall. Lose too much, and chaos can break out—kind of like a car with cut brake lines.
Much of the early knowledge about seizure responses came through experiments that tweaked GABA levels using blockers like this one. Teams observed right away how even slight adjustments led to big changes in brain wave patterns and behavior among animal models. Companies developing antiepileptic or anti-anxiety drugs often rely on such reference compounds to gauge if a new molecule can tweak GABA activity with enough precision to be helpful.
From direct experience, no one gives L-nipecotic acid ethyl ester L-tartrate to patients as a medicine—at least not outside controlled experiments. Safety profiles and side effect analysis stay incomplete. The real value sits in the test tube and in preclinical animal studies. Researchers add it to cultures or inject it into regions of a rodent brain, then watch shifts in behavior, electrical activity, and gene expression.
The compound’s ability to inhibit GABA uptake helps unravel the puzzle of how nervous systems dampen their own signals. In our studies, adding it usually ramps up GABA’s influence, giving nerve cells less chance to fire off signals. In seizure models, this tends to suppress fits, supporting the theory that propping up GABA might help people who struggle with uncontrolled neural activity. There’s a direct line from these bench-side discoveries to some medicines on pharmacy shelves today, such as tiagabine, a GABA reuptake inhibitor for epilepsy.
Researchers need reliable, safe molecules. Chemical stability, purity, and supplier transparency matter, especially since impurities or mislabeling can wreck a months-long project. Talking with colleagues, we agree that using L-nipecotic acid compounds means finding vendors that issue certificates of analysis and batch documentation. It’s also key to run test batches and ensure any molecular tweak doesn’t scramble data interpretation.
The wider topic involves access. Not every lab gets equal opportunity to screen compounds like this—cost, import restrictions, and regulatory status all factor in. Building stronger research networks helps, as does open data sharing about off-target effects or artifacts associated with using GABA uptake blockers. When mistakes happen, public corrections mean groups everywhere learn from one lab’s findings, not just their own stumbles.
L-Nipecotic acid ethyl ester L-tartrate isn’t likely to show up as a medication in clinics, but its importance for research shouldn’t get overlooked. By shedding light on GABA’s role in major brain disorders, it opens doors to breakthroughs in treatment and understanding, helping both patients and the scientific community move forward.
Storing chemicals like L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate takes more than just following a label. With years spent working alongside research chemists and handling specialty reagents, I’ve seen what happens once shortcuts get tempting. This isn’t just an academic concern—chemicals shift with time if they don’t stay in the right environment, and that loss of reliability turns research upside down or puts users at risk.
For this compound, keep the temperature low—refrigeration around 2°C to 8°C holds the sweet spot. Heat speeds up decomposition and invites trouble like severe hydrolysis or unwanted byproducts. On the other hand, freezing can cause repeated thaw-and-freeze cycles that break down molecular integrity. In my own experience, compounds shoved into a frostbitten freezer lost structure faster than planning allowed and had to be thrown out. Refrigeration gives the safest margin to keep material steady for planned research timelines.
Light exposure starts silent chemical breakdowns. The best practice calls for amber vials, which block out most wavelengths that mess with sensitive chemicals. Sticking this bottle near a window or in a clear container leaves you open to gradual but real loss of compound quality. This lesson stung after a batch turned yellow over one short summer: photosensitivity is not always obvious on a datasheet but wreaks havoc over time.
Humidity also brings chaos. Moisture can sneak past poorly sealed caps or bags, leading to sticky messes and ruined supplies. A desiccator or moisture-absorbing packets help a lot. Checking and tightening caps seems basic, but the difference over six months is real. Once, we scrapped an entire order after moisture seeped in during a rainy week and clumped the compound beyond use. Lab-grade desiccators and silica gel prevent that headache before it starts.
Oxygen rarely flashes as an immediate threat, but for sensitive esters like this, even a bit can oxidize the product. That means keeping bottles tightly sealed whenever not measuring out material. Each time a container opens, air invites in both moisture and reactive gases. I’ve learned to take only what’s needed and reseal immediately, storing the rest under nitrogen gas if it’s available—simple, practical steps from years of rescuing valuable inventory.
Personal routines in a research setting shape chemical shelf life even more than fancy storage. Label with dates, keep inventory tracked, and avoid cross-contamination by reusing clean utensils. In my labs, open containers sat in their dedicated space, far from acids and bases or volatile solvents. Accidentally mixing vapors not only risks contamination but also accident. Even small details like glove use or cleaning tools before sampling make the difference between reliable results and start-overs. A clean, organized storage cabinet—never a cluttered benchtop—keeps order and trust in your chemicals.
Trust in L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate depends on respecting details: steady refrigeration, shaded and sealed containers, dry air, and strict organization. Chemical reliability starts long before the experiment runs—it begins at the storage shelf. Every overlooked shortcut can wipe out weeks of work. Proven protocols and hard-won habits keep scientific progress moving safely.
High school chemistry class always felt distant from anything I’d ever need in life. That changed when I started running experiments and realized many chemical values affect how we dose or store compounds—not to mention how drugs affect the human body. The molecular weight of a substance might look like just a number on a label, but this figure shapes everything from how you measure a powder to how you expect a molecule to flow through your system.
L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate often pops up in labs focused on neuroscience and pharmaceutical development. Chemists don’t choose it at random; its structure tweaks the activity and absorption of bigger drug molecules. In concrete terms, its molecular weight gives a fundamental tool for researchers to make precise measurements.
So, let’s break it down. The compound combines L-nipecotic acid ethyl ester and L-tartaric acid. Calculating its molecular weight takes more than a quick scan of the label—it relies on adding up the atomic masses for every atom in the combined formula. With L-nipecotic acid ethyl ester at C8H15NO2 and pairing with L-tartrate at C4H6O6, putting together the full salt means considering every hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon, then balancing the charges from the salt formation. The tally lands at about 367.35 g/mol for the whole L-tartrate salt. Databases, full of drug references and chemical catalogs, back this up; Sigma-Aldrich and other market leaders, for example, list values within a tenth of a gram of this figure.
Miscalculating molecular weight throws off lab work. If a researcher tries to make a 10 millimolar solution and gets the math wrong, every test result drifts out of line. With pharmaceutical labs, even micrograms gone astray can slow down years of research. I’ve seen teams lose entire batches because someone didn’t check the molecular weight before mixing up a solution—fixing that mistake could take weeks. In the world of biologics and drug formulation, accurate weights set the base for dosing recommendations.
The story reaches deeper. This number isn’t just a guide for researchers. Pharmacies, quality control teams, and anyone estimating how a molecule will behave in the human body use molecular weight to model diffusion and metabolism. If you want to estimate how a neuroprotective agent like L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate might cross the blood-brain barrier or fit receptor sites, knowing its weight is one piece of a giant puzzle.
Striving for excellence in chemical work depends on getting foundational details right. Trusted sources—peer-reviewed papers, regulatory agencies, major chemical suppliers—converge on the same numbers because that consistency underpins safe, accurate work. If you’re a student, a technician, or a pharmacist, solid numbers like 367.35 g/mol for L-Nipecotic Acid Ethyl Ester L-Tartrate mean you stand on steady ground.
People rely on scientists and healthcare professionals to keep them safe, to deliver drugs that actually work. Sticking to the facts, using chemical weights that come from reputable sources, supports real progress. A single number, discreet as it seems, threads through every step from benchwork to the bedside.
Looking for L-nipecotic acid ethyl ester L-tartrate isn't just about finding a supplier. Researchers live by the numbers that purity levels provide. The difference between a 95% and a 99% sample feels huge in the lab, especially once experiments reach the publication stage. One impurity can send a week's work into the trash, so scientists look for clear documentation and verified data every time this compound is ordered.
Suppliers don’t just offer one standard because budgets and project scopes rarely look alike. Pharmacology researchers, synthetic chemists, and drug development teams often demand different purities. The pharmaceutical industry typically sticks to higher purities, often in the 98%-99% range or higher. Lower grades sometimes end up in early-stage synthesis or projects with less strict requirements. Each batch’s certificate of analysis guides these choices as it lays out actual data on solvent residues, moisture, and other known impurities. Without this paperwork, a reputable lab won’t even consider a purchase.
Anyone who’s ordered rare or specialty chemicals knows the frustration of finding inconsistent grades. Even among global suppliers, not every catalog lists multiple purities for L-nipecotic acid ethyl ester L-tartrate. Some only stock one type — often the most in-demand — because custom synthesis costs more to set up and maintain. If a lab requires a higher or unusual grade, lead times can stretch out and budgets can take a hit.
This isn’t just a hassle. Inconsistent access raises big questions for experiments where reproducibility is key. Scientific progress depends on other teams being able to use the same starting materials. Even a subtle difference, say in residual solvents, can change the way molecules react or behave in test models. That’s why labs keep suppliers on their toes, requesting batch testing and purity confirmations that go beyond website listings.
Global suppliers like Sigma-Aldrich, TCI, and Alfa Aesar display varying purities for this compound, with some offering high-purity and others sticking with a single grade. In my own experience, a call or email usually works better than relying only on the website product page. Many companies will disclose off-catalog purities or arrange for higher-grade custom synthesis if the order is big enough.
Licensing, logistics, and regulations in different countries all impact how and where different purities become available. In regions with tighter import restrictions, a lab may end up with more limited options and turnaround times can get longer than expected. Open communication with suppliers helps labs stay ahead and avoid critical delays during the project timeline.
To avoid slowdowns and surprise costs, research teams should engage with suppliers early in the planning phase. Ask for detailed data on all available purities and check for certification from independent testing facilities. Documenting these details up front helps reduce confusion later, especially in collaborative or multi-center projects.
As science grows more global, the call for better transparency and broader access to multiple purity levels gets louder. Suppliers who listen and respond to these needs play a big part in moving both small experiments and large-scale research forward.
Some chemicals do more than stain a lab coat. L-NIPECOTIC ACID ETHYL ESTER L-TARTRATE doesn’t mess around. You’re dealing with a compound packed with reactive groups, which brings risks to breathing, skin, and eyes. I’ve seen a few old-timers skip gloves for “just a quick transfer.” Then patches of red, irritated skin show up. Small exposures add up. No shortcut here—gloves, goggles, and a lab coat go on before so much as opening a vial.
Not every room counts as a safe zone. This acid ester can give off fumes; you can’t smell trouble until it’s too late. Ever stepped into a lab where the air feels stiff? That’s a red flag. I’ve learned to respect the fume hood. Proper ventilation means pulling the sash down, not propping it up just to chat. Closed systems do more than keep the mess contained; they guard your lungs. If you skip the hood, you’re gambling with headaches, coughs, or worse. OSHA points to respiratory protection for a reason.
Spills happen fast. What happens next says everything about safety priorities. I’ve seen folks scramble for paper towels. Not smart. With hazardous chemicals, go straight for the spill kit—absorbent pads, neutralizing agents, scoop, and dedicated waste bags. Danger doesn’t wait for you to finish lunch. Stick to the buddy system; never tackle a spill solo, and always alert the safety officer. Practice improves confidence, so push management to run regular drills.
I once made the rookie mistake of tossing a labeled flask straight in the trash. Lab manager found it and sat me down. Regulations mean hazardous waste has a lifecycle—every used tip, blot, and container runs through a log and ends up in a locked bin. You track every gram. Unpredictable reactions can spark fires or taint water. Legal trouble waits for no one. Follow local chemical waste laws to keep people and the environment safe. Trained workers lower the odds of environmental fallout.
Accidents don’t care about hours. Know where the eyewash station sits. Practice getting there blindfolded—I do it every two months after a buddy forgot the way mid-emergency. Fire extinguishers, showers, first aid kits, and emergency numbers belong close and labeled. Training builds muscle memory. No one panics if the response feels automatic.
Record-keeping saves more than data. Chemical inventory logs allow up-to-date records, help spot bad habits, and make audits simple. If something feels off—different color, funny smell—flag it, note it, and get a supervisor involved. Over time, this habit heads off problems before they start. I know some labs use QR systems to track every reagent, and that transparency helps everyone sleep better.
Safe handling takes more than checking boxes. Push for high-quality PPE, annual fit tests for masks, and clean locker rooms for clothing changes. Push suppliers for clear safety data sheets; these explain not just what the chemical can do, but how it acts in specific situations. Never settle for outdated or generic instructions. Each lab has unique setups and risks. I’ve learned not to wait for someone else to point out gaps. Speak up and keep the pressure on for real safety upgrades.
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