Product Name: Brimonidine Tartrate
Chemical Formula: C11H10BrN5·C4H6O6
CAS Number: 70359-46-5
Synonyms: 5-Bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline tartrate
Recommended Use: Pharmaceutical manufacturing, especially in ophthalmic preparations
Manufacturer: Refer to package labeling for details on originating pharmaceutical company
Contact Details: Refer to the current product safety documentation for emergency numbers and further information
Classification (GHS): Acute oral toxicity: Category 4; Skin irritation: Category 2; Eye irritation: Category 2A
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed; Causes skin irritation; Causes serious eye irritation
Signal Word: Warning
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust; wash thoroughly after handling; use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas; wear protective gloves and eye/face protection
Possible Health Effects: May affect central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory and eye functions if exposed in large quantities
Chemical Name: Brimonidine Tartrate
Concentration: 100% (active pharmaceutical ingredient; dilution varies in formulations)
CAS Number: 70359-46-5
Impurities/Stabilizers: Formulated products may contain preservatives, stabilizers, or buffering agents such as benzalkonium chloride, boric acid, or other excipients; specific composition in detailed product labeling
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses; continue rinsing; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Skin Contact: Wash skin with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; get medical attention for ongoing irritation or allergic response
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air; maintain unobstructed breathing; consult medical professional if symptoms arise
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly with water; do not induce vomiting without medical advice; obtain medical help promptly
Most Important Symptoms: Irritation, headache, dizziness, breathing difficulty, or visual disturbances may develop after exposure
Note to Physician: Treat symptomatically based on condition; monitor vital signs and neurological status as needed
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical extinguisher
Unsuitable Media: Avoid high-volume water jets, which may spread chemical
Hazardous Combustion Products: Emits toxic fumes, including nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and bromine fumes
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes
Special Hazards: Dust may form explosive mixtures with air in confined spaces; avoid inhalation of smoke or fumes
Personal Precautions: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment including gloves, goggles, and lab coat; prevent contact with skin, eyes, and clothing
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spill from entering waterways or soil; avoid release to environment as chemical may be toxic to aquatic life
Spill Clean-Up Methods: Absorb with inert material such as sand or vermiculite; scoop up and place in suitable container for disposal; ventilate area thoroughly; wash spill site with copious amounts of water after material removal
Reference to Other Sections: Wear respiratory protection if dust formation is suspected or if ventilation is insufficient; dispose contaminated materials in accordance with regulatory guidance
Precautions for Safe Handling: Minimize dust generation and accumulation; handle in a well-ventilated area; avoid ingestion, inhalation, and contact with skin or eyes; keep workplace clean and organized; use tools and equipment designed for chemical handling
Conditions for Safe Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; protect from direct sunlight, moisture, and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers or acids
Incompatibilities: Keep away from strong acids, oxidizing agents, and bases
Specific End Uses: For manufacturing or laboratory use only; not for consumer use unless formulated as directed in finished products
Occupational Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limit established for brimonidine tartrate; use caution and monitor potential exposure
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, fume hood, or process enclosures to control exposure levels
Personal Protection:
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless or mild chemical smell
Melting Point: Approx. 205-207°C (brimonidine tartrate)
Boiling Point: Not relevant for solid pharmaceutical compounds
Solubility: Freely soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and chloroform
pH: Approximately 5.6–7.6 in aqueous solution
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperature
Relative Density: About 1.57 g/cm³ (solid)
Flash Point: Not applicable; compound does not readily ignite under standard conditions
Partition Coefficient (Log Kow): Low, indicating limited bioaccumulation potential
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures if stored correctly
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Reactivity: Does not undergo hazardous reactions under normal handling; reacts with strong acids and oxidizers
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Releases nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, bromine under combustion
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, flame, incompatible chemicals, exposure to light
Polymerization: Not known to occur
Incompatibility: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids or bases
Routes of Exposure: Ingestion, inhalation, dermal, ocular
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): >50 mg/kg; can cause central nervous system effects with dizziness, headache, drowsiness, or bradycardia
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: May cause localized irritation; prolonged contact may exacerbate
Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes significant irritation; redness, tearing, or pain may develop
Respiratory Sensitization: Dust or mists may provoke irritation or aggravate pre-existing conditions
Chronic Effects: Long-term or repeated exposure not well-studied in humans; animal studies suggest cardiovascular effects with high dosages
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by NTP, IARC, OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal evidence suggests low risk at low exposure; data insufficient for robust conclusions in humans
Aquatic Toxicity: Can be toxic to aquatic organisms based on available data; avoid release into waterways
Persistence and Degradability: Stable compound; potential to persist in environment if improperly disposed
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low based on chemical structure and partition coefficient
Mobility in Soil: Highly water soluble; can leach through soil into groundwater if not contained
Other Adverse Effects: No data indicating endocrine disruption; minimize environmental exposure to reduce risk
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of unused chemical, contaminated containers, and spill residue through incineration or authorized chemical waste facility; consult local, national, or international regulations for hazardous pharmaceutical disposal
Packing Disposal: Rinse empty containers with water, render unusable, and dispose along with hazardous waste
Special Precautions: Avoid dispersal of dust into environment; do not dispose through household waste or drain; seek guidance from qualified environmental and waste management professionals
UN Number: Not classified as hazardous for transport in most jurisdictions
Proper Shipping Name: Brimonidine Tartrate (if regulated; otherwise shipped as laboratory chemical or bulk pharmaceutical)
Transport Hazard Class: Not classified
Packing Group: Not applicable
Marine Pollutant: Not classified as marine pollutant, but avoid bulk release into waterways
Special Precautions: Ensure packaging is secure, dry, and labeled according to local and international shipping requirements
US Regulations: Not listed under SARA Title III, CERCLA, or RCRA as hazardous; subject to FDA oversight for pharmaceutical applications, OSHA for workplace exposure, and EPA under certain facility conditions
EU Regulations: Not classified under REACH or CLP as dangerous, but requires workplace risk assessment and worker protection measures for pharmaceutical substances
International Lists: Check IARC, WHO, or other health authorities for up-to-date listing; not specifically restricted but subject to chemical safety and environmental protection law
Labeling Requirements: Include risk and safety phrases, emergency contact, first aid instructions, handling and storage details
Other Information: Use and disposal must comply with applicable laws and guidelines of country or region where handled or applied
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