Chemical Name: 2-Chloro-1,3-Propanediol
Synonyms: 3-Chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane, α-Chlorohydrin
CAS Number: 96-23-1
Recommended Use: Intermediate for chemical synthesis, laboratory chemical
Manufacturer: Refer to local supplier information
Telephone: Refer to supplier’s emergency number
Emergency Contact: National poison control, emergency response numbers listed on packaging
Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral)—Category 3, Acute Toxicity (Dermal)—Category 3, Skin Irritation—Category 2, Serious Eye Damage—Category 1
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Symbols: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark, corrosion
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed. Toxic in contact with skin. Causes serious eye damage. Causes skin irritation. Suspected of causing genetic defects with repeated exposure.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid all contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated area. Wear protective equipment and respiratory protection.
Substance: 2-Chloro-1,3-Propanediol
CAS Number: 96-23-1
Concentration: 98% or higher by weight
Impurities: Water (<1%), potential traces of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol, 3-chloropropanediol
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air. Keep them at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Give artificial respiration if not breathing. Seek immediate medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Call a doctor.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth and get medical help immediately.
Symptoms: Cough, irritation, dizziness, nausea, skin redness, burns, blurred vision, loss of consciousness with substantial exposure.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
Unusual Fire Hazards: Vapors heavier than air. Containers may explode in heat of fire.
Specific Hazards: Toxic and corrosive gases such as hydrogen chloride, carbon oxides, and phosgene may form during combustion.
Protective Equipment: Wear full protective suit and self-contained breathing apparatus. Keep people away from fire area.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area. Wear protective clothing, gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage. Do not let material enter drains, surface water, or soil.
Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert dry material (such as sand or earth) and collect in a suitable container for disposal. Ventilate area and wash site after material pickup is complete. Use only spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment.
Handling: Handle in a fume hood or with proper local exhaust. Wear suitable personal protective equipment. Do not breathe mist, vapors, or spray.
Storage: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Separate from incompatible materials like oxidizers and acids. Protect from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep away from food and drink.
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV: not established. Use workplace control guidelines as a reference.
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation or general dilution ventilation.
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), splash goggles or face shield, protective lab coat or suit, suitable respirator when exposure limits are exceeded or ventilation is inadequate.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands, forearms, and face thoroughly after handling, before eating, and at the end of the work period. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow, viscous liquid
Odor: Mild characteristic
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point: −4°C
Boiling Point: 213°C
Flash Point: 123°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not available
Vapor Pressure: 0.1 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 3.2 (air = 1)
Solubility: Miscible with water
Relative Density: 1.32 g/cm³ at 20°C
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): −1.2
Viscosity: 10.5 mPa·s at 20°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Hazardous Reactions: Releases toxic gases on contact with acids or during combustion.
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, moisture, acids, oxidizers
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): ~90 mg/kg. Dermal LD50 (rabbit): ~120 mg/kg.
Short-Term Effects: Causes severe skin and eye irritation. Toxic by ingestion or skin absorption. Can damage respiratory system, liver, kidneys.
Chronic Exposure: Evidence of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity in some animal studies. Repeated exposure damages central nervous system and target organs.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. LC50 (fish, 96 hr): 70 mg/L. EC50 (daphnia, 48 hr): 62 mg/L.
Persistence and Degradability: Partially biodegradable. May persist under low-oxygen conditions.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low; log Kow indicates limited potential.
Mobility in Soil: Readily leaches into groundwater due to high solubility.
Other Adverse Effects: Avoid release to environment. Data on effects on birds and plants limited.
Disposal Methods: Dispose of as hazardous chemical waste. Incinerate or treat in a regulated chemical facility. Comply with all local, regional, national, and international regulations.
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse empty containers with copious water, treat rinses as hazardous waste, and dispose of containers according to regulations.
Precautions: Do not discharge into drains or environment. Keep disposal records and consult with licensed waste contractors for safe disposal.
UN Number: UN 2810
Proper Shipping Name: Toxic Liquid, Organic, N.O.S. (2-Chloro-1,3-Propanediol)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic Substances)
Packing Group: II
Labeling: Toxic substance label required
Special Precautions: Transport in tightly closed containers. Avoid temperature extremes. Ensure access to safety data sheet during transport.
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant precautions advised for spills or leaks during transit.
EU Regulations: Classified as dangerous under EC Regulation No. 1272/2008. Subject to restrictions due to toxicity and potential carcinogenicity.
U.S. Regulations: TSCA inventory—Listed. SARA Title III, Section 313—Reportable. CERCLA Hazardous Substance.
Canada: DSL listed.
Other International Inventories: Consult country-specific requirements. Ingredient may trigger workplace exposure and emission reporting under various national laws.
Worker Protection: Occupational exposure controls mandated in laboratories and manufacturing.
Environmental Reporting: Document accidental releases and emissions according to environmental protection laws.
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