Chemical Name: 2,2'-Dichlorodiethylether
Synonyms: Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, BCEE, Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
CAS Number: 111-44-4
Recommended Use: Intermediate in organic synthesis, solvent in chemical processes
Manufacturer Contact: Refer to individual supplier or MSDS publisher
Emergency Telephone: National Poisons Center, CHEMTREC, or manufacturer-provided number
Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Dermal, Inhalation) – Category 3; Skin Irritation – Category 2; Eye Irritation – Category 2A; Carcinogenicity – Category 2
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin; causes skin and eye irritation; suspected of causing cancer
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Skull and Crossbones, Exclamation Mark, Health Hazard
Precautionary Statements: Avoid all contact with skin and eyes, do not breathe vapors or mist, wear suitable gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, use only with adequate ventilation
Substance: 2,2'-Dichlorodiethylether
Concentration: ≥ 98%
Impurities: Minor impurities may include 1-chloro-2-chloroethoxyethane and related compounds at levels below 2%
Molecular Formula: C4H8Cl2O
Molecular Weight: 143.02 g/mol
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep at rest, seek medical attention. If breathing stops, administer artificial respiration and call for emergency assistance.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash exposed area with soap and water, do not use solvents, consult a physician for persistent irritation
Eye Contact: Wash eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids, seek immediate medical care
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, give water if conscious, get medical help without delay
Important Symptoms: Symptoms may include burning in throat or nose, cough, headache, skin redness, nausea
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray. Water jets may spread the material.
Specific Hazards: Fire decomposition products may include phosgene, hydrochloric acid, carbon oxide fumes
Protective Equipment: Firefighters must use self-contained breathing apparatus and full-body protective gear
Special Procedures: Isolate fire area, cool containers with water spray, avoid inhaling vapors or combustion products
Flash Point: About 92°C (197°F); may form toxic fumes when heated strongly
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ensure adequate ventilation, wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, avoid inhalation and direct contact
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, drains, and waterways; advise environmental authorities in case of contamination
Containment and Clean-Up: Absorb spills with inert material (sand, earth), ventilate area thoroughly, collect material in properly labeled, sealed containers for disposal, decontaminate spill area with water and detergent
Handling: Handle in a fume hood, avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, prevent vapor formation, wash hands thoroughly after use, no eating or drinking near work area
Storage: Store in cool, well-ventilated, dry area away from heat, sources of ignition, acids, oxidizers, and moisture, keep container tightly closed and dedicated for chemical use, use corrosion-resistant shelving, protect from physical damage
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, alkali metals, bases
Exposure Limits: OSHA TWA 1 ppm (6 mg/m³); ACGIH TLV 0.1 ppm (0.61 mg/m³) – suspected human carcinogen
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hood, local exhaust ventilation, emergency eye wash and safety shower stations
Personal Protective Equipment: NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirators, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), impervious boots, splash-proof goggles, lab coat or coveralls
Hygiene Measures: Avoid skin contact, change contaminated clothing, wash hands and face thoroughly after handling the chemical, do not smoke near handling areas
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Pungent, sweet, chlorinated
Boiling Point: 178–180°C (352–356°F)
Melting Point: -47°C (-53°F)
Density: 1.209 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (about 3.4 g/L at 25°C), soluble in alcohol and ether
Vapor Pressure: 0.27 mmHg at 25°C
Viscosity: Not highly viscous; detailed value varies
Autoignition Temperature: Around 380°C (716°F)
pH: Not applicable; neutral compound
Partition Coefficient: Log Kow approximately 2.6
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended conditions; decomposes on strong heating
Hazardous Reactions: Can react violently with strong oxidizing agents
Decomposition Products: Thermal decomposition releases phosgene, hydrogen chloride, and carbon monoxide
Conditions to Avoid: Contact with open flames, heat, direct sunlight, incompatible materials such as oxidizers, strong acids or strong bases
Routes of Exposure: Ingestion, inhalation, skin, and eye contact
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 in rats approximately 140 mg/kg; inhalation LC50 (rat, 4h) 65 ppm; readily absorbed via skin, toxic at low doses
Irritation/Corrosivity: Causes irritation and burns to skin and eyes, respiratory irritation possible
Chronic Effects: Animal research links chronic exposure with elevated cancer risk, liver and kidney damage, reproductive toxicity in rodent studies
Carcinogenicity: IARC Group 2B – possibly carcinogenic to humans; NTP and OSHA list as potential occupational carcinogen
Sensitization: Not reported to cause allergic sensitization
Other Effects: Central nervous system depression, dizziness, headache, nausea at moderate exposures
Ecotoxicology: Harmful to aquatic organisms; LC50 (fish, 96h): 20–30 mg/L
Mobility: Limited in soil due to moderate adsorption; potential to volatilize from water and soil
Persistence: Degrades slowly in environment; may persist long enough to reach groundwater
Bioaccumulation: Moderate; log Kow between 2 and 3 suggests potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic species
Degradability: Not readily biodegradable; photolysis in air is possible but slow
Water Hazard Class: WGK 2 (hazard to water, German regulation)
Disposal Methods: Incinerate material in approved chemical incinerator with afterburner and scrubber; chemical should not enter normal waste stream or sewers
Container Disposal: Triple rinse empty containers, puncture after cleaning, ensure disposal complies with local and federal environmental legislation
Special Precautions: Avoid release to the environment, may require licensed hazardous waste contractor for collection, follow appropriate RCRA regulations for halogenated organic waste
UN Number: 1916
Proper Shipping Name: Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
DOT Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic Substances)
Packing Group: II
Marine Pollutant: Classified as hazardous
Special Precautions: Use rigid, tightly sealed, clearly labeled containers, separate from food and incompatible materials during shipping, report accidental releases under applicable law
OSHA Status: Regulated as hazardous chemical; subject to Process Safety Management (PSM) requirements
SARA Title III: Section 302 – Extremely Hazardous (TPQ 500 lbs), Section 313 – Toxic chemical subject to reporting
TSCA Inventory: Listed
EPA: CERCLA RQ = 10 lbs (reportable quantity for environmental release)
International Regulations: EU – labeled as Toxic (T), Carcinogen Category 3; Japan – regulated under Chemical Substances Control Law; Canada – on DSL/NDSL; Australia – AICS listing confirmed
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