Product Name: 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol
Chemical Formula: C3H7ClO2
Synonyms: α-chlorohydrin, 1-chloro-glycerol
CAS Number: 96-23-1
Intended Use: Intermediate in chemical synthesis, lab reagent
Manufacturer Info: Detailed supplier information required prior to bulk purchase
Emergency Phone: National Poison Control or local health and safety unit
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), skin and eye irritant, suspected carcinogen
Label Elements: Warning symbols: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark
Hazard Statements: May be fatal if swallowed, causes severe skin burns, may cause genetic defects and suspected of causing cancer
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Do not breathe vapors or mists. Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated area.
Component: 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol
Concentration: ≥ 99% (remainder impurities or moisture)
Chemical Class: Organohalide, chloro compound
Impurities: Glycerol, diol isomers, traces of epichlorohydrin depending on source
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep at rest, seek immediate medical attention for signs of respiratory distress, coughing, or dizziness
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; immediately flush skin with water for at least 15 minutes, call physician
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids to ensure thorough rinsing, seek medical review without delay
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person, seek urgent medical help
Most Important Symptoms: Irritation, burns, headache, drowsiness, nausea, respiratory pain, delayed effects on liver and kidneys
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical powder
Specific Hazards: Combustion generates toxic fumes including hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters wear self-contained breathing apparatus and fully protective gear
Firefighting Instructions: Approach from upwind, use water spray to cool containers, avoid runoff from fire control
Explosion Data: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, avoid flame and spark sources
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, avoid breathing vapor, keep upwind and use proper ventilation
Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, suitable gloves, protective clothing, NIOSH-approved respirator
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry to waterways, drains, or soil
Methods for Cleanup: Absorb with inert material (sand, earth), collect in container for recovery or disposal, ventilate area, wash spill site after material pickup
Handling: Use in chemical fume hood, minimize exposure by wearing suitable personal protective equipment, avoid skin, eye, or clothing contact
Storage Conditions: Store tightly closed in cool, dry, well-ventilated location separate from incompatible materials such as strong bases and oxidizers, protect from light
Packaging: Keep in corrosion-resistant, clearly labeled containers, secondary containment recommended
Other Precautions: Keep away from food, beverages, and feed; never pipette by mouth
Control Parameters: No occupational exposure limits established in most countries, though strict control is advised
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hood, local exhaust ventilation, safety shower, eyewash stations
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), lab coat or apron, safety goggles/full face shield, NIOSH-certified respirator if vapor/mist risk
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands, face and other exposed areas after use; avoid eating, drinking or smoking during handling
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Faint sweet, chloroform-like
Melting Point: -14°C
Boiling Point: 213°C
Flash Point: 110°C (closed cup)
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, ether
Density: 1.38–1.40 g/cm³ at 20°C
pH: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: 0.02 mmHg at 20°C
Viscosity: Low to moderate
Stability in Light: Sensitive to strong light or heat (avoid prolonged exposure)
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures, decomposes on heating
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizers, alkali, and acids
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Emits hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide under fire conditions
Polymerization: Not known to occur
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, ignition sources, moisture, incompatible substances
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (Oral, rat) 81 mg/kg; LD50 (Dermal, rat) 660 mg/kg
Chronic Effects: Possible liver, kidney, reproductive system toxicity; suspected carcinogen
Irritation: Severe damage to mucous membranes, skin, eyes
Sensitization: Not well established, but caution advised
Other Information: May cause birth defects, genetic mutations in animal studies; causes central nervous system depression at high doses
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, risk of lasting harmful effects in environment
Mobility: High solubility, possible migration through soil into groundwater
Persistence and Degradability: Partial biodegradation, chemicals may persist if released repeatedly
Bioaccumulation: Not significant, but repeated exposure may build up in aquatic systems
Other Adverse Effects: Disruption of aquatic life cycles and potential groundwater contamination in case of spillage
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional and national regulations; incineration in approved facility recommended
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers contain residue and vapors, handle as hazardous waste, triple rinse and puncture before disposal
Other Precautions: Never pour into drains, environment, or public sewers; coordinate with hazardous waste contractors
UN Number: 2810
UN Proper Shipping Name: Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s. (1-chloro-2,3-propanediol)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1
Packing Group: III
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant
Special Precautions: Secure containers upright, use secondary containment, transport with MSDS and emergency instructions
Regulatory Status: Subject to ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA restrictions
Labeling: Requires hazard and precautionary statements with recognized GHS pictograms
OSHA: Regulated as hazardous chemical in workplaces in the United States
TSCA Inventory: Listed
Other Listings: Included in EC Inventory (EINECS); compliance with national, processing, and use restrictions varies by country
REACH Status: Pre-registered under EU chemical regulations, subject to authorization for some uses
Additional Information: Always refer to most current applicable national or local legislation for handling, usage, and disposal protocols; consultation with environmental health and safety professionals most effective in achieving sustained compliance
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