Scientific progress owes a lot to persistence, and the story of 1 3-Propanediol 2-[2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]- captures this spirit. Chemistry students and researchers have spent decades unraveling the details of purine derivatives, especially those that mimic or tweak parts of DNA and RNA structures. During the mid-20th century, as chemists learned more about nucleosides, modifications like this one gained traction. Libraries expanded with analogs, crafted to probe cell processes, stop viral replication, or even encourage cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Laboratories in Europe and North America worked in parallel, motivated by questions about cell reproduction, antiviral strategies, and mutagenesis. By the late 1980s, technology allowed new synthetic routes, more accurate analysis, and broader safety screening. These growing capabilities fueled cycles of discovery that continue today, especially as precision medicine leans into modified nucleosides.
Set apart by a purine backbone coupled to a 1,3-propanediol side chain, this compound stands as a unique player in chemical biology and drug discovery. The compound’s base structure borrows from guanine, naturally found in DNA, but it features a chlorine at the 6-position and an amino group at the 2-position, both of which change how it behaves in chemical or biological systems. Synthesis methods and preparation protocols reflect its importance in the lab; quite a few companies offer it as a research-grade powder, typically as a white to off-white solid, indicating high purity. I’ve seen it featured in both custom and catalogue stocks, supported by technical data sheets highlighting possible lab uses in genomic modification protocols.
This molecule’s physical character stands out to anyone with hands-on lab experience. The inclusion of the propanediol moiety not only adds polarity but also nudges its solubility profile, making it more approachable for work in both aqueous and some organic systems. Its melting point generally sits in the moderate range, often between 120-170°C depending on hydration state and salt form, useful in troubleshooting crystallization or purification steps. Chemically, the purine ring holds up in mildly basic or acidic conditions but strong protic acids or oxidizers will break it down. Direct sunlight and excessive heat cause slow decomposition, typical of chlorinated nucleosides. The hydrochloride version, when available, allows dosing in cell systems, supported by moderate water solubility and reliable storage around 2-8°C.
Technical data for this compound covers everything my colleagues and I look for when evaluating new reagents. Companies list CAS number, molecular formula (often C12H18ClN5O2 for the base compound), and standardized purity metrics via HPLC or NMR, usually exceeding 98%. Labels include warnings for respiratory and dermal exposure—an important note with any halogenated purine. Container sizes range from milligram vials for early-stage research to gram-scale batches for repeated cell testing. Lot-specific certificates show trace impurities, so researchers know exactly what they’re working with, avoiding surprises.
Modern labs tend to begin synthesis from 6-chloropurine, a well-known starting material. The synthetic route couples this core to an aminoethyl linker, typically via an SN2 reaction, followed by selective alkylation of the propanediol. Protecting groups guide site-specific chemistry, and chromatographic purification ensures product identity and purity. Automated reactors and greener solvents now streamline this process, trimming both money and time off what used to be a demanding multi-step sequence. Final product identity gets checked with LC/MS, NMR, and sometimes X-ray crystallography, tools I’ve found invaluable for confirming subtle structural variations.
In the lab, this molecule gets plenty of attention for its versatility. The amine group provides a handle for further derivatization, from fluorescent tagging to biotinylation. The 6-chloro position reacts readily with nucleophiles, supporting the creation of even broader libraries for study. Such properties prove essential for exploring how structural tweaks influence signaling, enzyme recognition, or nucleic acid hybridization. I’ve watched researchers create dozens of analogs in a semester, chasing improved activity profiles or better stability in challenging conditions. Even small modifications can mean the difference between a dead end and a promising drug scaffold.
In catalogs and journal papers alike, synonyms for this molecule often crop up, adding both confusion and clarity. Chemists sometimes call it a “chlorinated propanediol-purine analog,” while others prefer systematic IUPAC names, or internal company IDs like “CPD-Guanine6Cl-2AAE.” Major chemical suppliers list it under various SKUs, complicating cross-lab communication. I’ve learned that double-checking nomenclature always saves headaches—especially when two similar names can hide different side chain lengths or chiral forms.
Safety takes top priority anytime I work with halogenated nucleosides. This compound’s MSDS outlines risk of eye and skin irritation; inhalation might cause acute respiratory discomfort. Standard PPE—lab coat, gloves, and protective eyewear—are a given. Labs maintain active chemical hoods when weighing or dissolving it to avoid accidental inhalation. For spills, neutral absorbents and secure disposal procedures prevent environmental release. Waste follows hazardous protocols, reflecting persistent contamination risk. Regular training keeps users up-to-date on new guidance, as even trusted reagents can surprise after years of routine use.
Researchers seek out this molecule for its role in nucleic acid-based studies, especially in areas like genotoxicity testing, cancer biology, and antiviral screens. Its structural similarity to guanine lets it sneak into DNA or RNA strands, disrupting normal functions and revealing weak spots in cell repair pathways. Scientists test how it influences polymerase activity, excision repair, and even apoptosis—a powerful platform for discovering next-generation therapeutics. Drug discovery groups often screen libraries built on this scaffold for activity against neglected or emerging viral diseases. I’ve watched teams explore its role in synthetic biology, where tweaks to purines unlock entirely new genetic circuits.
Research investment in modified purines continues to grow, especially as researchers look for alternatives to existing drugs facing resistance. Academic groups partner with biotech startups, chasing molecules that evade resistance mechanisms or target novel biomarkers. This compound’s backbone offers a place to attach imaging probes, radiolabels, or oligonucleotide chains, supporting both diagnostic and therapeutic work. Faster DNA synthesis and improved cell models make screening far more efficient than a decade ago, letting scientists zero in on lead candidates before animal testing. Several peer-reviewed articles pointed to promising results against difficult cancer subtypes, which kept publication counts rising over the last decade.
Toxicology studies have documented both the promise and pitfalls of halogenated purine derivatives. Animal work reveals dose-dependent toxicity, most notably on rapidly dividing cells, mirroring many classic chemotherapeutics. Lab experiments flag risks to hepatic and renal function after chronic exposure. Strict monitoring protocols in research animals allow early detection of adverse effects, leading to refinement of dosing regimens. Human cell line studies revealed cytostatic effects at micromolar concentrations, though more information on long-term mutagenic risk is still needed. Crossing the line from lab curiosity to therapy means every group has to double and triple check both on-target and off-target responses.
The next decade holds real promise for this class of compounds, and 1 3-Propanediol 2-[2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]- sits close to the center of these efforts. Combination therapy strategies in oncology need flexible building blocks, especially those that evade mainline resistance. Advances in molecular modeling and AI-guided design speed up the search for more selective analogs, leading to fewer side effects and better patient responses. New delivery systems, from nanoparticles to exosomes, drive efforts to localize active agents and reduce systemic toxicity. In my view, the intersection of computation, chemistry, and clinical insight will determine how far and fast molecules like this one can move from the bench to the bedside. Researchers working on synthetic nucleic acid circuits eye these modified purines as foundations for programmable therapeutics and lab-based biosensors that could shake up how modern medicine approaches disease.
Many folks outside of pharmaceutical research don’t spend much time thinking about the long, complicated chemicals driving medicine forward. It’s easy to miss the real-world value behind names like 1 3-Propanediol 2-[2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]-. Those in the lab know this isn’t just another synthetic concoction; it’s a linchpin for progress against tough viral diseases. Drawing on my own years dealing with drug discovery, the footprint of this molecule stretches beyond its chemical structure and into the health challenges we face today.
So what exactly does this mouthful of a chemical accomplish? This molecule acts as a fundamental building block in the synthesis of several nucleoside analogues. These aren’t just terms thrown around in research papers. Nucleoside analogues play a frontline role in fighting viruses that threaten millions. HIV, hepatitis B, and even some emerging viral threats rely on molecular countermeasures crafted, in part, using chemicals like this one.
Specifically, this compound provides the backbone for drugs that disrupt viral replication. By mimicking the building blocks of viral DNA and RNA, these substances trick viruses into taking up faulty materials. That’s like slipping a broken cog into a well-oiled machine. The chain reaction halts the virus’s ability to multiply and spread, shrinking its hold in the body.
Look at the story of acyclovir—used against herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections. Its structure depends on modifications close to what you see in this molecule. Then take tenofovir or entecavir: they build on related chemistry, stretching treatment options for chronic hepatitis B patients. If you’ve ever known anyone managing one of these diseases, you’ve seen the impact these therapies have on daily life.
Scientists rely on 1 3-Propanediol 2-[2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]- as a reliable intermediate. It shortens the road to safer, more effective nucleoside-based drugs. Without it, getting to a medicine like lamivudine or abacavir—key tools in fighting HIV—gets a whole lot tougher. The need for affordable, potent antivirals isn’t theoretical. Globally, around 38 million people lived with HIV in 2023 according to UNAIDS data. A wide variety of hepatitis B and C cases add millions more. Access to these drugs shapes survival and quality of life for entire communities.
As much as this molecule is important, big gaps remain. Drug resistance keeps popping up. Viruses mutate and adapt fast. So chemists keep refining the backbone chemistry, chasing new derivatives that keep pace with viral evolution. Work around molecules like this one creates avenues for fresh approaches, less toxicity, and easier manufacturing.
Pricing looms over every advance too. Large-scale production—safe, affordable, and consistent—makes or breaks whether medicine reaches those in need. Partnerships between academic labs, pharma companies, and public health organizations can push these intermediates out of patents and into low-cost generics quicker.
The next time yet another chemical name gets tossed around, it’s worth remembering that these compounds—however dense their names—carry the promise of changing the trajectory of global health. Access, progress, and hope often rest on foundations as specific and tangible as 1 3-Propanediol 2-[2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]-.
Handling chemicals always brings a level of risk, whether in a laboratory, on a factory floor, or inside a classroom. In my own years working with various compounds, both simple and nasty, one truth always stands out: those who take shortcuts with safety often end up regretting it. Before touching any unknown substance, people need to respect that without care, chemicals can throw lives off course in ways no one expects.
Every chemist remembers their first splash of acid on unprotected skin. That burning sensation stays with you, as does the lesson. Always reach for gloves made from material that resists the compound. Nitrile stands up to most acids and organic solvents, while thick rubber gloves handle bases and corrosive chemicals. Eye protection proves just as essential. Flying droplets, unexpected pressure build-up, or release of powder all turn everyday work into a gamble without a solid pair of goggles.
A lab coat seems simple, but it does more than keep clothes clean. Threads of polyester or cotton can catch fire or hold chemicals longer than expected. I’ve seen people spend weeks dealing with skin irritation—all because they wore short sleeves.
Breathing in fumes may not bother you right away, but the effects show up later. Lung damage, eye irritation, and headaches can sneak up on those careless with open containers or improper mixing. Always handle volatile or strong-smelling compounds under a fume hood. It draws away invisible gases and gives you time to work without inhaling dangerous air.
Storing chemicals in proper containers, labeled with date and content, keeps accidents at bay. Mixing up bottles led to a small fire in my early years, and I still remember the scramble to put it out. Acid in a steel container, strong bases in glass, and everything locked away from heat or sunlight. These rules are written in hard lessons.
Spills and splashes don’t wait for your schedule. Eyewash stations and showers near the workstation save eyes and skin. The first few seconds after an accident decide whether there’s a minor scare or a trip to the emergency room. It’s no use having safety showers if they get blocked with boxes or empty containers, so clear access stays as important as the shower itself.
Knowing the chemical’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) pays off in emergencies. I’ve seen panic when no one knows what to do after an exposure or spill. Keeping the MSDS nearby gives instructions on what to mix for neutralization, how long to wash skin, and which symptoms mean seeking help right now.
Training never stops. Complacency builds up over time—people get comfortable, forget procedures, and start to guess instead of check. Regular drills and honest conversations about close calls help keep everyone sharp. Speaking up when something feels wrong could end up saving lives.
Working with chemicals changes the way you see risk. You start thinking about the long run. Cancer, nerve damage, asthma—they don't always announce themselves right away. Respect comes from experience, but everyone should have that sense before the first mistake. Safety feels like extra work until the moment it isn’t, and anyone who’s seen an accident will tell you the effort pays off every single time.
Handling chemicals in a lab requires focus, patience, and a strong sense of responsibility. No shortcut replaces a good storage routine, especially with delicate compounds like 1 3-Propanediol 2-[2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]-. A lapse doesn’t just hit your bottom line; it can compromise research, halt projects, and, in the worst cases, risk safety and public trust in science. Years spent at the bench have taught me to trust routine as much as reagents.
Chemicals, especially organic molecules, don't like heat or direct sunlight. Exposing this compound to temperature swings speeds up breakdown. Instead, use a fridge or a designated cold room. Lock it up away from light, since those purine derivatives show nifty colors but degrade if you let photons hammer them all day. Be sure to pick storage containers that don't allow moisture in—nothing irks a chemist like opening a bottle to see caked powder or mystery droplets.
Ask anyone who has fumbled a silica gel pack—moisture ruins fine chemicals quickly. For this compound, keeping things dry stands just as important as keeping things cold. Adding a desiccator or specialized storage with humidity controls helps a lot. From my own experience, simple silica gel packets get the job done for shorter-term storage. Try to reseal containers after every use, not an hour later, not after a coffee break. Waiting only invites trouble.
Lab stories often include tales about cross-contamination, sometimes with comic results but usually with lost time. Micro-scale contamination still ruins experiments, especially if another chemical shares shelf space nearby. Keep it in a sealed, labeled vial, ideally with a secondary containment bin. Once, I stored my compounds a shelf away from something volatile—rookie mistake. Everything smelled off for weeks, and data tanked. Science rewards consistency, not shortcuts.
Sounds simple, yet it's where most labs stumble. Store the compound’s details—batch, supplier, purity, hazard sheets—in a folder close to your storage area. If something goes wrong, you can't afford to guess what was in the bottle. Years ago, quick access to safety documentation saved a colleague from serious harm after a minor spill, grounding stories in real urgency.
People sometimes swap caps or share spatulas. Double-check every time. A mismatched label or a stray scoop links directly to weird results, lost samples, or worse. Run inventory checks once a month, rewarding everyone who catches something off. My own habit involves using a barcode system because chemistry doesn't stop for paperwork errors or memory slips.
Long-term storage isn't about preserving a bottle for nostalgia. The goal: protect research investments, uphold scientific integrity, and make sure those working in the lab leave as healthy as they arrived. Adopting a safety-first routine also lets teams focus on breakthroughs instead of chasing after spoiled samples. Good chemistry habits become second nature, sparing everyone from panic, expense, and lost trust.
Consumers pick up everyday products and trust they’re safe and effective based on the name and packaging. The small chemical symbols and numbers often fly under the radar. People typically ask about the structure of a product only when the stakes get personal—food allergies, medication interactions, or ingredient sourcing. For folks like me who have watched family members manage nut allergies or celiac disease, those chemical details matter. They spell out what goes into the body or home.
A quick glance at a chemical formula, such as C9H8O4 for aspirin, says more than just a collection of letters and numbers. It reveals how the elements link together, which gives clues to behavior, safety, or usefulness. For many everyday substances, such as table salt (NaCl), the formula even points to potential hazards if mixed with the wrong substances. If someone asked about a cleaning product or a pesticide, understanding whether it contains something like benzene rings, chlorine, or phthalates has safety implications. The structure directly influences toxicity, environmental persistence, and impact on human health.
People working in labs or food sciences rely on more than marketing claims. They want to see the full chemical structure mapped out. This can stop allergies from getting triggered, illnesses from breaking out, or even prevent lawsuits tied to undisclosed ingredients. In my experience, working with families that needed strict gluten-free diets, the knowledge of which ingredients get derived from wheat, barley, or rye made a real difference in keeping people healthy.
Companies that plainly show molecular diagrams and formulas—rather than using vague trade names—tend to earn more trust. Folks notice that level of detail. According to surveys published in journals like “Food Control,” more than 60% of consumers feel safer when they can verify what they’re buying. Parents want reassurance about preservatives in baby food. Allergy sufferers check for cross-reactivity. Athletes worry about banned substances in supplements. Chemical structure cuts through confusion, replacing buzzwords with precision.
Without strong chemical literacy, the public remains exposed to exaggerated or misleading claims. News stories often break about products containing hidden contaminants—recent cases involving PFAS, also called “forever chemicals,” raised alarms due to the specific structure making them nearly impossible to break down in the environment. The responsibility sits on manufacturers and regulators to be up front about these structures. Proper disclosure in safety data sheets should move into consumer-facing packaging for high-risk products.
One strategy involves regulators mandating public disclosure of chemical structures for all consumer goods. This makes things clearer not just for scientists, but for everyone who cares about what enters their home. Schools can add more chemistry to basic science curriculums—boosting comfort with reading formulas and understanding their significance. Store shelves could display QR codes leading to plain-language ingredient breakdowns and real molecular diagrams.
Choosing safer, better products comes down to understanding what’s going on below the surface. Chemical structure shouldn’t just live in textbooks—it belongs in everyday decision-making, helping people make better, safer choices in their lives.
Anyone who’s ever spent a late night in a lab or reviewed regulatory paperwork knows how much rides on picking the right compound. Just because something looks promising on paper doesn’t mean it has a place in the real world of research or medicine. Speaking from my own experience, there’s a big gap between what you read in a catalog and what actually holds up under scrutiny.
Purity separates a research-grade chemical from something you can use with confidence in human health studies. Using a compound contaminated with even small traces of unknown materials can erase months of work. One study from ChemRxiv reports that more than 30% of failed drug trials tie back to poor-quality reagents causing misleading results. Regulations from the FDA demand certain purity thresholds (typically 98% or better for pharma), and labs often push even higher, because careers and sometimes lives hang in the balance.
I remember reviewing a lot of Certificates of Analysis (COA) that looked convincing at a glance, only to find gaps in the methods used. A trustworthy supplier always provides a detailed breakdown: identity checks, purity, assay values, and even stability over time. Analytical methods like NMR, HPLC, and mass spectrometry aren’t optional—they are essential tools. So many research projects have wasted time chasing strange data, only to realize later that their compound wasn’t tested properly.
Suppliers with a long record of serving the pharmaceutical industry bring peace of mind. Companies such as Sigma-Aldrich or Thermo Fisher Scientific run everything through tough internal processes. Sourcing from newcomers or off-brand providers can lead to unpredictable outcomes. I’ve seen research budgets blown on batches that didn’t match their stated specs, causing delays nobody could afford.
Compliance isn’t just a checklist. It grounds every decision about purchasing and using chemicals. Regulations from agencies like the US FDA or the European Medicines Agency spell out what compounds can be used in investigational new drugs or in sensitive assays. Even outside human trials, labs follow guidance set by standards such as ISO 9001 or cGMP. These aren’t empty rules; specialists work by them because one slip-up becomes a legal or safety disaster.
A compound might arrive at 99.9% purity, but poor storage (wrong temperature, exposure to light, moisture) can make it useless in a short time. From my benchwork days, I learned to double-check how long a compound really lasts. Some degrade fast, losing integrity or turning toxic. A few years ago, a whole series of experiments had to be repeated because the chemical had turned before anyone noticed.
Fixing these issues takes effort at every step. Scientists benefit from pushing for more transparent supply chains and open communication with vendors. Some labs now rely on third-party verification or even testing incoming materials in-house, using their own methods. Batch testing, real-time tracking, and solid documentation help prevent costly errors. Investment in these safety nets seems expensive up front, but compared to the cost of failed trials or regulatory problems, it’s money well spent.
Drug development and research demand a level of trust in each bottle, vial, or container. If any link fails—purity, testing, sourcing, or handling—the whole project can collapse. People relying on new treatments can’t afford shortcuts. Years in research have shown me that the best science doesn’t cut corners. The right compound, reliably sourced and properly verified, moves us forward. Everything else is a distraction.
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